From: On the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing: a literature review
Authors, date | Diagnosis | Subjects | Repeated Observations | Treatments | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cuthbert 109 (2006) | Motion sickness disorder | 1: 66 yoa female 2: 45 yoa female 3: 9 yoa female | Proprioceptive testing (Freeman-Wyke and Hautant's tests), AK MMT and palpation | Spinal and cranial chiropractic manipulative therapy (CMT) | 1: Able to drive car and ride in a boat and airplane symptom free after 4 visits. 2: Able to drive car symptom free after 6 visits. 3: Able to drive in car symptom free after 4 visits |
Cuthbert et al 110 (2005) | optic nerve neuritis exacerbated by an Arnold-Chiari malformation (Type I) of the cerebellum | 1: 20 yoa female | AK MMT to diagnose vertebral subluxations and cranial lesions; ocular muscle testing, TMJ testing | Cranial and spinal CMT | Patient had lost her vision in the right eye 3 weeks previous to treatment. After 1 visit, patient could see 20–30 on Snellen eye chart. Visual acuity 20-13 after 3rd visit and asymptomatic 3 years later. |
Meldener 111 (2005) | Post-surgical hip dislocation | 1: 75 yoa male | AK MMT to diagnose muscular weakness around hip and throughout the body | AK and CMT therapy, focusing on the connection of the TMJ and occlusion to instability of the hip | No hip dislocation since vertical dimension was increased with new upper dentures on doctor's recommendation. |
Chung et al 112 (2005) | Dental occlusion problems | 7: male 3: female | AK MMT during application of an oral dental appliance | None | AK MMT reliable and repeatable on different days. MMT useful to locate the kinesiologic occlusal position for the fabrication of an oral appliance to treat TMJ disorders. |
Caso 113 (2004) | congenital bowel abnormality related to low back pain. | 1: 29 yoa male | AK MMT to diagnose large bowel dysfunction | CMT and stimulation of Chapman's reflex points by the doctor and the patient at home | Resolution of the patient's low back pain as well as improved bowel function. |
Moncayo et al 100 (2004) | Thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) | 32 patients with TAO, 23 with a long-standing disease, and 9 showing discrete initial changes | Positive TL (patient touches area of dysfunction and weakening occurs on MMT) reactions were found in the submandibular tonsillar structures, the tonsilla pharyngea, the San Yin Jiao point, the lacrimal gland, and with the ocular lock test of AK. | AK treatment and homeopathic remedies | Change of lid swelling, of ocular movement discomfort, ocular lock, tonsil reactivity and Traditional Chinese Medicine criteria including tenderness of San Yin Jiao (SP6) and tongue diagnosis were improved. Clinical trial of 3–6 months showed all relevant parameters improved. |
Cuthbert 114(2003) | Down syndrome | 15 children | Informal report by the parents of child's function and health status. | CMT to the spine and cranium, with nutritional support as needed. | Improved fine motor skills; use of the hands and fingers; ability to crawl bilaterally with arms and legs; ability to stand and walk; decrease in tongue thrusting; problems with ears and sinuses were all improved in function as noted by parents, teachers, and doctor. |
Maykel 115 (2003) | Blocked naso-lacrimal canal | 1: 14-month male | AK MMT and informal report of child's function and health status by the parents. | CMT to the spine and cranium | Child treated 5 times over a 6-week period with resolution of his eye problem. |
Weiss 116 (2003) | Menstrual difficulty and exhaustion | 1: 39 yoa female | AK MMT and patient report of condition | Nutritional counseling and CMT to the spine and cranium | Treatment to the sacrococcygeal area with cranial correction and nutritional support improved her energy level and cycling performance. |
Sprieser 117 (2002) | Episodic paroxysmal vertigo | 1: 17 yoa female | AK MMT and patient report of her condition | CMT to the spine and cranium as well as AK/meridian therapy techniques | After 4 treatments and 3 other treatments by a Qi-Gong master the patient remained free of any vertigo at 3 year follow up. |
Leaf 118 (2002) | Severe equilibrium problems | 1: 48 yoa female | AK MMT and patient report of condition | Cervical traction of 6 pounds while patient walked for 15 minutes | After cervical traction-distraction patient was able to stand with her feet together with no body sway and displayed no signs of nystagmus. |
Gregory et al 119 (2001) | women with moderate to severe breast pain | 88: females, predominantly premenopausal, with cyclical and non-cyclical breast pain | AK MMT to diagnose neurolymphatic reflex dysfunction of the large intestine | CMT and stimulation of Chapman's reflex points by the doctor and the patient at home | Immediately after treatment there was considerable reduction in breast pain in 60% of patients with complete resolution in 18%. 2 months after initial treatment, there was a reduction in severity, duration and frequency of pain of 50% or more in 60% of cases (P < 0.01). |
Cuthbert 120 (2001) | Bell's Palsy | 1: female | AK MMT to diagnose cranial, cervical, TMJ, and muscular imbalances | CMT to the spine, TMJ, and cranium | Complete resolution of facial nerve palsy after 6 visits over 14 days. |
Calhoon 121 (2001) | Multiple sclerosis | 1: 43 yoa female | AK MMT and patient report of condition | CMT to the spine, TMJ, and cranium and nutritional support | 26 months after initial visit patient had regained her ability to write and could shower without assistance for the first time in 2 years. |
Mathews et al 122 (1999) ** | Learning disabilities | 10 children compared with a control group of 10 children matched for age, IQ and social background that had not received any treatment over a similar period. | AK MMT examination and sensory challenges; the children were tested before and after treatment by an Educational Psychologist using standardized tests of intelligence to monitor changes in their learning skills. | AK treatment | Educational psychologist's testing demonstrated children treated with AK had an improvement in their learning abilities during the course of 9 to 12 treatment sessions during a period of 6–12 months. |
Masarsky et al 123 (1991) | Somatic dyspnea | 6: males and females | AK MMT examination methods; forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV-1) measurements pre- and post-treatment (post-treatment measurements taken 3 days later to 1 month later). | AK treatment including neurolymphatic and neurovascular reflexes were employed for the diaphragm muscle; evaluation of the meridian system; cranial manipulation (AK methods); and treatment for inhibited muscles involved in respiration. | All patients reported improvement in their breathing difficulty. 4 of the 6 patients also had improved FCV and FEV-1 between 0.1 and 0.8 liters. |
Goodheart 105 (1990) | Imbalanced weight bearing on right and left feet | 40 patients | 40 patients were evaluated for pre- and post-treatment weight balance. | AK examination and treatment | Of the 40 patients, only one had minimal changes in weight upon two scales beneath the feet when both flexing and extending the spine. |
Masarsky et al 124 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1: male | AK MMT examination methods; forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV-1) measurements pre- and post-treatment, covering an 8-month period. | AK examination and treatment | Improvements were noted in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, coughing, fatigue, and ease of breathing (sign significant at 0.005 level). Improvement was also noted in laryngospasm. |
Jacobs et al 44 (1984) | Thyroid dysfunction | 65: males and females | Patients evaluated for thyroid dysfunction by AK and laboratory testing | None | AK ratings correlated with laboratory ratings (rs = .32, p < .002) and with laboratory ratings (rs = .32, p < .005). Correlation between clinical and laboratory diagnosis was .47, p < .000. 3 AK therapy localizations had a significant correlation with the laboratory diagnosis (p < .05). AK enhanced but did not replace clinical/laboratory diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. Evidence indicated a significant correlation between certain AK tests and an elevated LDH in the serum. |