Table 10 Cross-tabulations of potential predictors vs. good outcome at the 4thvisit for 464 study subjects in a study of 731 chiropractic patients treated for low back pain.
Variables | Subgroups | P-value |
|---|---|---|
Demographic background and life-style variables | ||
Age | *Max. 40 yrs vs. older | 0.6 |
Sex | *Men vs. women | 0.5 |
Type of work | *Sitting vs. walking/standing vs. mixed hard/light work vs. physically hard work | 0.4 |
Smoking | *No never vs. stopped/sometimes vs. daily | 0.4 |
Smokeless tobacco | *No vs. yes | 1.0 |
Treatment reimbursed | *Not or some reimbursed vs. totally reimbursed | 0.001 |
Description of low back pain | ||
Leg pain | *No vs. yes | 0.8 |
Pain intensity past 24 hrs | *None/weak vs. moderate vs. severe/unbearable | 0.8 |
Duration of pain at base-line | *1-7 days vs. 8-14 days vs. >14 days | 0.000 |
Total duration of pain past year | *Maximum 30 days vs. >30 days | 0.000 |
Pain in other parts of spine past year | *No vs. yes max. 30 days vs. yes >30 days | 0.000 |
General health | *Very good/good vs. OK vs. rather bad/very bad | 0.03 |
Outcome at 4th visit | *Definitely better vs. probably better/unchanged/probably worse/definitely worse/missing data | 0.02 |
Pain intensity past 24 hrs at 4th visit | *None/weak vs. moderate vs. severe/unbearable | 0.06 |
Psychological profile | ||
Anxiety | **No vs. borderline vs. yes | 0.4 |
Depression | **No vs. borderline vs. yes | 0.3 |
Cognitive anxiety | ***Continuous data tested as mean values with 95%CI | NS |
Escape avoidance | ***Continuous data tested as mean values with 95% CI | NS |
Fearful thoughts | ***Continuous data tested as median values with 95% CI | NS |
Physiological symptoms And signs of pain | ***Continuous data tested as median values with 95% CI | NS |