First author (year) | Type of disorder | Sample size (F/M) (n) | Age (Mean ± SD) | Exp. group | Cont. group | Outcome measurement | Time of assessment | Main results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Byeon [26] (2003) | UT MPS | 20 (8/12) Exp.: 10 Cont.: 10 | Total participants: 50.7 ± 10.1 | IMES | DN | VAS MPQ Neck ROM (lateral flex.) | Before Three days One week Two weeks | No significant difference of all outcome measurements between groups in all assessment times |
Sumen [21] (2015) | MPS | 30 (22/8) Exp.: 15 Cont.: 15 | Total Participants: 38.6* | SIMES + Stretching exercise | Home-based stretching exercise twice daily (10 repetition) | VAS PPT Neck ROM (opposite side lateral Flex.) NDI | Before After One month | Significantly VAS decrease & PPT increase in experimental than control groups in all assessment times |
Medeiros [22] (2016) | MPS | 23 (23/0) Exp.: 11 Cont.: 12 | Exp.: 49.18 ± 11.63 Cont.: 45.83 ± 9.63 | Sham-rTMS + IMES | Sham-rTMS + Sham-IMES | VAS Peripheral biomarkers Cortical excitability parameters | End of every session Before After | Significant pain decreases in experimental group than control group There was not any change in all peripheral biomarker’s parameters in both groups |
Hadizadeh [23] (2017) | UT MPS | 16 (16/0) Exp.: 8 Cont.: 8 | Exp.: 24.6 ± 6.4 Cont.: 26.7 ± 6.5 | IMES | Sham-IMES | VAS Neck ROM | Before After One week | Significantly higher ROM in IMES group compared to control group one week after treatment No significant differences of pain in the all assessment times |
Botelho [24] (2018) | MPS | 24 (24/0) Exp.: 12 Cont.: 12 | Exp.: 48.36* Cont.: 46* | IMES | Sham-IMES | VAS B-PCP:S Cortical excitability parameters taking analgesic during the treatment | Before After | Experimental group presented lower pain and disability in comparison to control group significantly Analgesic use was 69.4% in sham group and 30.6% in EIMS |
Brennan [25] (2020) | MPS | 45(37/8) Exp.: 20 Cont.: 25 | Exp.: 28 ± 9.99 Cont.: 26.32 ± 8.94 | IMES | DN | NPRS NDI | Before 3th week 6th week 12th week | At no time did NDI or NPRS differ significantly between groups |