Table 4 Summary of studies included in the quantitative synthesis
Study reference number | Country | Participants | Methods of data collection | Methods of data analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[71] | United States (US) | 343 Pregnant patients | Questionnaires | Descriptive statistics and the paired t test |
[53] | Canada | 69 Military personnel presenting for on-site chiropractic services | Questionnaire | Multivariable regression model |
[34] | US | 20 Patients with low back pain | Questionnaires | Student's t-test |
[44] | Canada | 6 Chiropractors licensed with the College of Chiropractors of British Columbia | Questionnaire | Descriptive statistics |
[72] | US | 20 Institutions provided a written copy of the Informed consent documents | Retrieving Informed Consent (IC) documents | IC were compared against a list of requirements |
[73] | United Kingdom (UK) | 509 Participants from four participating UK associations | Telephone survey | Pearson Chi-Square tests |
[74] | Australia | 153 Patients with chronic conditions | Questionnaires | Descriptive and summary statistics |
[75] | US | 1759 Adults in the United States population | Questionnaire | Descriptive and multivariate methods |
[76] | US | 66 Questionnaires were returned from new and established patients | Questionnaire | Not explicitly specified |
[54] | US | 400 Participants with chronic low back pain | Questionnaire | Path analysis |
[77] | US | 681 Patients randomized, 341 were assigned to the 2 chiropractic groups | Questionnaires at baseline and 2Â weeks of treatment | Mixed linear modelling |
[55] | US | Same trial as in the study of Hertzman-Miller et al. [77] | Questionnaires | Multiple logistic and linear regression modelling |
[35] | Australia | 144 Patients seeing chiropractors with practices in diverse locations | Questionnaires | Not explicitly specified |
[36] | Australia | 9 Chiropractors and 173 patients participated | Questionnaires | Descriptive statistics |
[49] | The Netherlands | 89 Chiropractors, 207 patient–chiropractor working relationships | Questionnaires | A one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) test |
[78] | US | 72 Chiropractors who worked in 61 chiropractic practices | Questionnaire | Regression analysis |
[55] | Canada | 2597 Patients participating in a collaborative study | Questionnaires | A multiple linear regression model |
[38] | US | A sample of 57 people, who made a total of 104 office visits between them | (1) Audiotape of all clinical interaction of the chiropractor for 8 days (2) patient questionnaires pertaining to satisfaction with care | (1) Data was content analysed using the modified Bales method of process analysis [69]. (2) descriptive statistics |
[79] | UK | 465 Practitioners of which 132 chiropractors (28%) | Questionnaires | Several multivariate analyses of variance (ANOVA) |
[52] | US | 541 New and returning chiropractic patients | Questionnaires | Multiple stepwise regression analysis |
[80] | Sweden | 30 Chiropractors and 336 patients from 17 private practices | Questionnaires | The Wilcoxon signed rank test |
[81] | US | 62 Chronic pain patients recruited from four chiropractic offices | Questionnaires | Series of multiple regression analyses |
[41] | Canada | 90 Participants were recruited from two private chiropractic clinics | Questionnaire | Descriptive statistics |