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Table 1 Annual back pain financial costs.

From: The epidemiology of low back pain in primary care

Annual back pain costs

 

Direct costs (millons)

Allied health costs (millons)

Indirect costs# (millons)

GDP*

Health expenditure

Australia (1991)

AU$1,020

  

0.22%

1.65%

  

AU$724

 

0.16%

1.17%

   

AU$2,000–$8,000

0.43%–1.72%

 

United Kingdom (1998)

£1,632,000

  

0.19%

2.78%

   

£1,068,000–£5,018,000

0.12%–0.58%

 

USA (1990)

US$24,300

  

0.42%

3.22%

  1. #Estimates of indirect costs vary depending on the econometric models used.
  2. *GDP = Gross Domestic Product (for year of study).