Three dimensional evaluation of posture in standing with the PosturePrint: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study

Table 4 PosturePrint^® reliability with a liberal ICC method (ICC_3,1). Forty student volunteers at a university were evaluated, with a posture digitizer, twice by three examiners, with a one-day delay.

Measure	SEM*	InterICC†	95% C.I. ‡	Intra ICC†	95% C.I.	MADOM§
Pelvis Rx	1.3°	0.88	0.81–0.93	0.92	0.80 – 0.94	2.6° ± 2.1
Thorax Rx	0.9°	0.93	0.88–0.96	0.92	0.81 – 0.94	1.6° ± 1.3
Head Rx	1.5°	0.95	0.92–0.97	0.93	0.82 – 0.94	3.2° ± 2.5
Pelvis Ry	0.4°	N/A\|\|	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.6° ± 1.2
Thorax Ry	0.8°	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.9° ± 1.4
Head Ry	0.6°	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1.1° ± 1.0
Pelvis Rz	0.9°	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1.4° ± 1.4
Thorax Rz	0.4°	0.93	0.89–0.96	0.92	0.79–0.94	0.7° ± 0.6
Head Rz	0.6°	0.94	0.90–0.97	0.94	0.84–0.95	1.1° ± 0.8
Pelvis Tx	1.7 mm	0.89	0.82 – 0.94	0.94	0.85 – 0.96	3.9 mm ± 3.1
Thorax Tx	1.7 mm	0.94	0.90 – 0.97	0.93	0.82 – 0.95	3.3 mm ± 2.5
Head Tx	2.3 mm	0.89	0.83 – 0.94	0.85	0.64 – 0.88	4.0 mm ± 2.8
Pelvis Tz	2.9 mm	0.96	0.94 – 0.98	0.97	0.91 – 0.97	7.1 mm ± 5.6
Thorax Tz	2.9 mm	0.89	0.82 – 0.93	0.91	0.78 – 0.93	5.7 mm ± 4.5
Head Tz	2.6 mm	0.93	0.88 – 0.96	0.92	0.79 – 0.93	5.4 mm ± 4.7

* SEM = Standard error of measurement = $SD \cdot \sqrt{1 - ICC}$ .
† ICC = Intra- or inter-examiner correlation coefficient
‡ 95% C.I. = 95 percent confidence interval
§ MADOM = Mean absolute differences of observers' measurements
|| N/A = Not applicable, means the assumption of a normal distribution was violated by many identical values, and thus ICCs are not appropriate for this data.

ISSN: 2045-709X