Table 2 Table of results for utilization papers.

Simpson

26

Mail survey

1509/784 (52%)

52% response rate. Referral rates varied depending on type of practitioner being referred to: 95% of respondents would refer to a PT, but only 14% would refer to a chiropractor. Respondents did not feel chiropractors should have primary contact status.

McCann

28

Analysis of Medical Expenditure Survey Data

25096

Chiropractic comprised 6% of all office-based health care visits; chiropractors accounted for 14% of all non-physician office-based expenditures.

Sharma

29

Prospective longitudinal non-randomized practice-based observational study

1414

Patients who self referred to DCs were likely to be older and have higher incomes than those who self referred to MDs; those who expected to self-pay more were more likely to self refer to the DC.

Jain

30

Mail survey

1680/601 (36%)

Response rate 35.8%; Variables that predicted disuse of CAM included male sex, good health, lack of physician support for CAM, and belief that CAM is not effective. For chiropractic, presence of perceived side effects was a major reason for disuse.

Pirotta

31

Mail survey

800/488 (64%)

Less acceptance for chiropractic compared to acupuncture, hypnosis and meditation. 75% felt chiropractic was sometimes harmful, but 29% would refer to a DC.

Astin

32

Review

25 surveys

Chiropractic had second highest rate of physician referral (40% behind massage (43%). 53% believed in the efficacy of chiropractic.

Goldszmidt

34

58% MD referral rate to chiropractors

Verhoef

35

83% MD referral rate to chiropractors

Perkin

36

34% MD referral rate to chiropractors

Andersson

37

50% MD referral rate to chiropractors

Wharton

38

51% MD referral rate to chiropractors

Marshall

39

2% MD referral rate to chiropractors

Hadley

40

27% MD referral rate to chiropractors

Reilly

41

20% MD referral rate to chiropractors

Berman

42

56% MD referral rate to chiropractors

Borkan

43

15% MD referral rate to chiropractors

Cherkin

44

57% MD referral rate to chiropractors

Goldstein

45

51% MD referral rate to chiropractors

Hawk

46

Mail survey

1896/563 (30%)

68% believe chiropractic is a therapeutic modality; 82% believe it is complete system.

Berman

47

Conference survey

180/295 (61%)

70–90% consider complementary medical procedures as legitimate.

Smith

48

Mail survey

1877/815 (43%)

Chiropractors offer a substantial amount of care to those in underserved populations.

Eisenberg

49

Telephone survey

1991: 1539

1997: 2055

CAM use grew from 33.8% to 42.1%, but chiropractic grew only from 10.1% to 11%. Mean number of visits fell from 12.6 to 8.9.

Eisenberg

50

Telephone survey

2055/831 (40%)

70% of patients saw a medical doctor before seeing a CAM provider; 15% saw a CAM provider before seeing an MD.60% did not disclose their CAM use to their MD.

Kessler

51

Telephone survey

2055/831 (40%)

30% of pre-baby boom group had used CAM; 50% of the boom group had used CAM; 70% of the post-baby boom group had used CAM.