Table 6 Cross-tabulations of base-line variables vs. good outcome at the 4th visit for 731 chiropractic patients treated for low back pain
Variables | Subgroups | P-value |
|---|---|---|
Demographic background and life-style variables | ||
Age | *Max. 40 yrs vs. older | 0.1 |
Sex | *Men vs. women | 0.1 |
Type of work | *Sitting vs. walking/standing vs. mixed hard/light work vs. hard physically hard work | 0.6 |
Smoking | *No never vs. stopped/sometimes vs. daily | 0.7 |
Smokeless tobacco | *No vs. yes | 0.3 |
Treatment reimbursed | *Not or some reimbursement vs. total reimbursement | 0.000 |
Description of low back pain | ||
Leg pain | *No vs. yes | 0.02 |
Pain intensity past 24 hrs | *None/weak vs. moderate vs. severe/unbearable | 1.0 |
Duration of pain at base-line | *1-7 days vs. 8-14 days vs. >14 days | 0.000 |
Total duration of pain past year | *Max. 30 days vs. >30 days | 0.000 |
Pain in other parts of spine past year | *No vs. yes max. 30 days vs. yes >30 days | 0.09 |
General health | *Very good/good vs. OK vs. rather bad/very bad | 0.02 |
Psychological profile | ||
Anxiety | **No vs. borderline vs. yes | 0.0007 |
Depression | **No vs. borderline vs. yes | 0.0001 |
Cognitive anxiety | ***Continuous data | 0.02 |
Escape avoidance | ***Continuous data | 1.0 |
Fearful thoughts | ***Continuous data | 0.008 |
Physiological symptoms and Signs of pain | ***Continuous data | 0.005 |