Table 2 Typical clinical findings of an acute lumbar facet syndrome according to 32 European chiropractors participating in the structured group discussion.
Orthopaedic examination | |
|---|---|
Kemp's test (sitting rotation and extension) | 7 (88%) |
Pain and/or decreased extension | 4 (50%) |
Pain and/or decreased extension + lateral flexion | 3 (38%) |
No neurological involvement | 3 (38%) |
Springing test (prone segmental extension) | 2 (25%) |
Relief in supine flexion with knees bent | 1 (13%) |
Painful end range of motion in all directions | 1 (13%) |
Pain on prone active extension | 1 (13%) |
Yeoman's test modified for lumbar segmental extension | 1 (13%) |
Decreased contralateral rotation | 1 (13%) |
Palpatory tenderness | 1 (13%) |
Chiropractic examination | |
Static palpation (pain) | 8 (100%) |
Motion palpation (decreased motion) | 8 (100%) |
Local muscle spasm | 2 (25%) |
Motion palpation (pain) | 2 (25%) |
Oedema | 1 (13%) |
Antalgia | 1 (13%) |
Springing test | 1 (13%) |
Applied Kinesiology challenge | 1 (13%) |
Break in curvature on lateral flexion | 1 (13%) |