Table 5 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of prognostic predictors (baseline and change) for improvement at 10th visit (persistent pain patients only)
Persistent N = 185 | Univariate | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictor variable: | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Model |
Baseline: | |||||
Gender (male) | 1.17 (0.65 to 2.10) | 0.602 | |||
*Age (higher) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0.615 | |||
*Posterior area body pain (higher) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.02) | 0.320 | |||
*Anterior area body pain (higher) | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.05) | 0.732 | |||
Marked area of posterior body pain (high) | 1.22 (0.68 to 2.19) | 0.510 | |||
Inappropriate markings | 0.59 (0.29 to 1.23) | 0.158 | |||
Back pain | 0.94 (0.49 to 1.78) | 0.846 | |||
Leg pain | 1.14 (0.57 to 2.29) | 0.706 | |||
Neck pain | 0.74 (0.41 to 1.34) | 0.319 | |||
Headache | 0.97 (0.41 to 2.32) | 0.950 | |||
Shoulder and/or arm pain | 1.28 (0.67 to 2.40) | 0.435 | |||
Widespread pain | 0.77 (0.27 to 2.22) | 0.628 | |||
Trauma | 1.44 (0.69 to 2.96) | 0.330 | |||
Similar complaint in past | 0.56 (0.28 to 1.09) | 0.085 | |||
Taking medication | 0.59 (0.31 to 1.13) | 0.113 | |||
Expect to recover | 1.59 (0.87 to 2.88) | 0.130 | |||
Paid employment | 2.06 (1.07 to 3.98) | 0.031 | 2.26 (1.03 to 4.99) | 0.043 | |
Satisfied with work status | 0.80 (0.33 to 1.92) | 0.613 | |||
Smoke | 1.85 (1.01 to 3.36) | 0.045 | |||
Alcohol | 0.67 (0.37 to 1.24) | 0.207 | |||
Physically active | 1.32 (0.66 to 2.63) | 0.429 | |||
In good health | 1.77 (0.86 to 3.63) | 0.121 | |||
*BQ Pain | 1.07 (0.93 to 1.24) | 0.338 | |||
*BQ Disability | 1.19 (1.05 to 1.34) | 0.006 | |||
*BQ Social disability | 1.10 (0.99 to 1.22) | 0.086 | |||
*BQ Anxiety | 1.02 (0.93 to 1.13) | 0.668 | |||
*BQ Depression | 0.99 (0.89 to 1.09) | 0.784 | |||
*BQ WFAB | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.27) | 0.017 | |||
*BQ LOC | 1.00 (0.89 to 1.12) | 0.973 | |||
*BQ Total | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) | 0.156 | |||
At 4/5th visit: | |||||
*Change BQ Pain | 1.33 (1.13 to 1.56) | 0.001 | |||
*Change BQ Disability | 1.37 (1.19 to 1.58) | 0.001 | |||
*Change BQ Social disability | 1.19 (1.05 to 1.35) | 0.005 | |||
*Change BQ Anxiety | 1.16 (1.05 to 1.29) | 0.004 | |||
*Change BQ Depression | 1.16 (1.04 to 1.29) | 0.008 | |||
*Change BQ WFAB | 1.30 (1.16 to 1.47) | 0.001 | 1.26 (1.11 to 1.44) | 0.001 | |
*Change BQ LOC | 1.27 (1.11 to 1.44) | 0.001 | |||
*Change BQ Total | 1.07 (1.04 to 1.10) | 0.001 | |||
Improved 4/5th visit | 6.24 (3.15 to 12.36) | 0.001 | 5.42 (2.59 to 11.35) | 0.001 | Sensitivity; Specificity; Percentage correctly predicted; Area under ROC (95% CI); Adjusted R2 79.0%; 68.0%; 74.4%; 0.80 (0.73 to 0.86); 34.3% |