Table 1 Treatment considerations for older adults [4]
Patient characteristic | Treatment modification |
|---|---|
Small body size; increased frailty | Decrease biomechanical force |
Severe osteoporosis and/or other bone diseases such as infection or cancer. | High-force manipulation is contraindicated |
Anticoagulation or corticosteroid medication | Soft tissue or other manual procedures which compress tissues are either contraindicated or should be used with caution and decreased biomechanical force. |
Fear or anxiety related to manipulation, or preference for type of procedure | Adapt manipulation and soft tissue procedures to optimize patient comfort |