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Table 1 Treatment considerations for older adults [4]
| Patient characteristic | Treatment modification |
|---|---|
| Small body size; increased frailty | Decrease biomechanical force |
| Severe osteoporosis and/or other bone diseases such as infection or cancer. | High-force manipulation is contraindicated |
| Anticoagulation or corticosteroid medication | Soft tissue or other manual procedures which compress tissues are either contraindicated or should be used with caution and decreased biomechanical force. |
| Fear or anxiety related to manipulation, or preference for type of procedure | Adapt manipulation and soft tissue procedures to optimize patient comfort |
