Persson et al. [21]
|
Physiotherapy
|
10
|
12 weeks
|
1
|
mVel (mm/s)
|
narrow stance
| | | | |
Total: 15x e.g. exercise, massage
| | | | |
EO/F
|
11.4
|
12.9
|
47 (8) VAS
|
39 (29) VAS
|
EC/F
|
15.8
|
15.6
|
Lafond et al. [20] †
|
Total:
|
30
|
8 weeks
|
1
|
mVel AP
|
narrow stance
| | |
60 (VAS)
|
20 (VAS)
|
Spinal manipulation
| | | |
(mm/s)
|
EO/F
|
~10.0
|
~5.5
|
16x cervical (HVLA)
| | | | |
EC/F
|
~13.0
|
~7.5
|
C2/3 level
| | | |
mVel ML
|
narrow stance
| | |
Rehabilitation
| | | |
(mm/s)
|
EO/F
|
~6.0
|
~2.0
|
16x strengthening
| | | | |
EC/F
|
~7.5
|
~2.0
|
16x oculomotor
| | | |
area (mm2)
|
narrow stance
| | |
exercise
| | | | |
EO/F
|
86.0
|
100.3
|
16x balance
| | | | |
EC/F
|
-
|
-
|
exercise
|
16x stretching
|
Jones [27]
|
1x Spinal manipulation
|
unclear
|
same day∞
|
unclear
|
mVel (mm/s)
|
normal stance
| | |
N/A
|
N/A
|
lumbar (HVLA)
| | | | |
EO/F
|
4.5 (1.7)
|
4.3 (1.8)
|
1x Muscle energy
| | | | |
EC/F
|
6.0 (2.2)
|
5.4 (3.0)
|
technique
| | | | |
unipedal stance
| | |
1x Myofascial
| | | | |
EO/F
|
17.3 (6.1)
|
17.0 (3.6)
|
technique
| | | | |
EC/F
|
38.6 (11.5)
|
35.4 (11.9)
|
tandem stance
| | |
EO/F
|
14.7 (5.5)
|
12.0 (4.4) **
|
EC/F
|
25.8 (9.6)
|
21.4 (8.1) ***
|
Vaillant et al. [19] †
|
Mobilization
|
EO: 4
|
same day∞
|
6
|
displacement AP (mm)
|
narrow stance
| | |
N/A
|
N/A
|
1x ankle/feet
|
EC: 8
| |
6
| |
EO/F
|
36
|
34
|
Massage
| | | |
displacement ML (mm)
|
EC/F
|
62-68
|
58-62
|
1x ankle/feet
| | | | |
narrow stance
| | |
EO/F
|
47
|
42
|
EC/F
|
74-88
|
67-70
|
Nolan [28] †
|
Manipulation
|
60
|
same day∞
|
2
|
stability index
|
normal stance
| | |
N/A
|
N/A
|
1x cervical (HVLA)
| | | | |
EO/F AP
|
2.90
|
2.10
|
C0/1, C1/2 level
| | | | |
EO/F ML
|
2.55
|
1.65
|
Levy et al. [29]
|
Instrument-applied manipulation
|
10
|
same
|
1
|
sway velocity
|
unclear stance
| | |
N/A
|
N/A
|
(Pro- Adjuster System)
|
day∞
| |
(deg/sec)?
|
EO/F
|
0.24 (0.11)
|
0.22 (0.16)
|
EC/F
|
0.23 (0.14)
|
0.19 (0.11)
|
EO/C
|
0.61 (0.19)
|
0.53 (0.15)
|
EC/C
|
1.73 (0.49)
|
1.33 (0.41) *
|
Alburguerque-Sendin et al. [23]
|
Manipulation
|
60
|
same
|
1
|
area (mm2)
|
unclear stance
| | |
N/A
|
N/A
|
1x talocrural joint
| |
day∞
| |
mVel AP/ML
|
EO/F area
|
85.5 (122.3)
|
52.8 (48.1)
|
(mm/s)
|
EO/F mVel AP
|
2.5 (0.6)
|
2.4 (0.5)
|
EO/F mVel ML
|
3.0 (0.7)
|
2.9 (0.6)
|
Ruhe et al. [22]
|
Spinal and extremity
|
90
|
~1 week
|
3
|
mVel AP/ML (mm/s)
|
narrow stance
| | | | |
3x manipulation
| | | | |
EC/F AP
|
13.2 (2.9)
|
11.1 (2.3) ***
|
5.6 (2.0)
|
2.9 (1.6)
|
(HVLA)
| | | | |
EC/F ML
|
16.0 (2.7)
|
13.1 (3.0) ***
|
(NRS-11)
|
(NRS-11)
|
and mobilization
|
3x Soft tissue
|
techniques
|
(e.g. PIR, ART)
|
Giemza et al. [24]
|
Exercise, massage, PIR, cryotherapy, diathermy, laser
|
20
|
6 weeks
|
1
| |
normal stance
| | |
"great pain"
|
unclear
|
area (mm2) AP/ML
|
EO/F AP
|
65.8 (24.2)
|
14.8 (17.4)**
|
mVel AP/ML (mm/s)
|
EO/F ML
|
31.0 (19.3)
|
13.1 (13.9)**
|
EO/F AP
|
89.8 (43.3)
|
44.1 (25.0)**
|
| | | | | |
EO/F ML
|
65.4 (29.9)
|
33.1 (46.4)**
| | |