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Table 4 COP excursions associated with therapeutic interventions

From: Does postural sway change in association with manual therapeutic interventions? A review of the literature

Study

Intervention

 

Experimental setup

Results

Sampling duration (sec)

Follow-up period

Number of repetitions

COP parameter

Postural task

Postural sway

Pain intensity

       

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

Persson et al. [21]

Physiotherapy

10

12 weeks

1

mVel (mm/s)

narrow stance

    

Total: 15x e.g. exercise, massage

    

EO/F

11.4

12.9

47 (8) VAS

39 (29) VAS

EC/F

15.8

15.6

Lafond et al. [20] †

Total:

30

8 weeks

1

mVel AP

narrow stance

  

60 (VAS)

20 (VAS)

Spinal manipulation

   

(mm/s)

EO/F

~10.0

~5.5

16x cervical (HVLA)

    

EC/F

~13.0

~7.5

C2/3 level

   

mVel ML

narrow stance

  

Rehabilitation

   

(mm/s)

EO/F

~6.0

~2.0

16x strengthening

    

EC/F

~7.5

~2.0

16x oculomotor

   

area (mm2)

narrow stance

  

exercise

    

EO/F

86.0

100.3

16x balance

    

EC/F

-

-

exercise

16x stretching

Jones [27]

1x Spinal manipulation

unclear

same day∞

unclear

mVel (mm/s)

normal stance

  

N/A

N/A

lumbar (HVLA)

    

EO/F

4.5 (1.7)

4.3 (1.8)

1x Muscle energy

    

EC/F

6.0 (2.2)

5.4 (3.0)

technique

    

unipedal stance

  

1x Myofascial

    

EO/F

17.3 (6.1)

17.0 (3.6)

technique

    

EC/F

38.6 (11.5)

35.4 (11.9)

tandem stance

  

EO/F

14.7 (5.5)

12.0 (4.4) **

EC/F

25.8 (9.6)

21.4 (8.1) ***

Vaillant et al. [19] †

Mobilization

EO: 4

same day∞

6

displacement AP (mm)

narrow stance

  

N/A

N/A

1x ankle/feet

EC: 8

 

6

 

EO/F

36

34

Massage

   

displacement ML (mm)

EC/F

62-68

58-62

1x ankle/feet

    

narrow stance

  

EO/F

47

42

EC/F

74-88

67-70

Nolan [28] †

Manipulation

60

same day∞

2

stability index

normal stance

  

N/A

N/A

1x cervical (HVLA)

    

EO/F AP

2.90

2.10

C0/1, C1/2 level

    

EO/F ML

2.55

1.65

Levy et al. [29]

Instrument-applied manipulation

10

same

1

sway velocity

unclear stance

  

N/A

N/A

(Pro- Adjuster System)

day∞

 

(deg/sec)?

EO/F

0.24 (0.11)

0.22 (0.16)

EC/F

0.23 (0.14)

0.19 (0.11)

EO/C

0.61 (0.19)

0.53 (0.15)

EC/C

1.73 (0.49)

1.33 (0.41) *

Alburguerque-Sendin et al. [23]

Manipulation

60

same

1

area (mm2)

unclear stance

  

N/A

N/A

1x talocrural joint

 

day∞

 

mVel AP/ML

EO/F area

85.5 (122.3)

52.8 (48.1)

(mm/s)

EO/F mVel AP

2.5 (0.6)

2.4 (0.5)

EO/F mVel ML

3.0 (0.7)

2.9 (0.6)

Ruhe et al. [22]

Spinal and extremity

90

~1 week

3

mVel AP/ML (mm/s)

narrow stance

    

3x manipulation

    

EC/F AP

13.2 (2.9)

11.1 (2.3) ***

5.6 (2.0)

2.9 (1.6)

(HVLA)

    

EC/F ML

16.0 (2.7)

13.1 (3.0) ***

(NRS-11)

(NRS-11)

and mobilization

3x Soft tissue

techniques

(e.g. PIR, ART)

Giemza et al. [24]

Exercise, massage, PIR, cryotherapy, diathermy, laser

20

6 weeks

1

 

normal stance

  

"great pain"

unclear

area (mm2) AP/ML

EO/F AP

65.8 (24.2)

14.8 (17.4)**

mVel AP/ML (mm/s)

EO/F ML

31.0 (19.3)

13.1 (13.9)**

EO/F AP

89.8 (43.3)

44.1 (25.0)**

      

EO/F ML

65.4 (29.9)

33.1 (46.4)**

  
  1. † "Same day" refers to a single session consisting of pre-intervention measurement, intervention and post-intervention measurement.
  2. Results are presented as Mean (SD).
  3. Levels of significance compared to baseline: * p≤0.05, ** p≤0.01, *** p≤0.001.
  4. - : not described.
  5. AP: antero-posterior, ART: Active Release Technique, C: compliant (foam) surface, deg/sec: degrees per second, EC: eyes closed, EO: eyes open, F: firm surface, HVLA: high velocity low amplitude, ML: medial-lateral, mVel: mean velocity, N/A: not applicable, PIR: Post-Isometric Relaxation.
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Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

ISSN: 2045-709X