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Table 2 Associations between the total MDI scale and outcomes and between five candidate items and outcomes

From: Brief screening questions for depression in chiropractic patients with low back pain: identification of potentially useful questions and test of their predictive capacity

 

β coefficients (95% CI)

 

LBP 3-months

LBP 12-months

RMDQ 3-months

RMDQ 12-months

Total MDI scale

MDI categorised

Adj. R2 = 0.03

Adj. R2 = 0.01

Adj. R2 = 0.03

Adj. R2 = 0.02

No depression (reference)

    

Mild depression

1.59 (.91; 2.27)

.96 (.17; 1.74)

13.14 (5.59;20.68)

6.94 (-.36;14.24)

Moderate depression

.89 (.01; 1.78)

1.08 (.08; 2.08)

18.19 (8.64;27.74)

13.26 (4.13;22–38)

Severe depression

.78 (-.45; 2.02)

1.24 (-.21; 2.69)

18.45 (4.67; 32.23)

15.11 (1.90;28.32)

Single candidate items

Item 1: Low in spirits or sad

Adj. R2 = 0.03

Adj. R2 = 0.04

Adj. R2 = 0.06

Adj. R2 = 0.03

At no time (reference)

    

Some of the time

0.53 (0.24; 0.82)

0.52 (0.19; 0.84)

7.15 (3.99; 10.31)

4.88 (1.89; 7.86)

Slightly less than half the time

0.26 (-0.55; 1.08)

0.44 (-0.44; 1.33)

7.41 (-1.48; 16.31)

5.42 (-2.86; 13.71)

Slightly more than half the time

0.80 (0.08; 1.51)

0.32 (-0.52; 1.15)

16.05 (8.35; 23.75)

6.45 (-1.19; 14.09)

Most or all of the time

1.61 (0.71; 2.41)

2.32 (1.39; 3.24)

25.13 (15.81; 34.45)

19.45 (10.98; 27.93)

Item 2: Lost interest

Adj. R2 = 0.02

Adj. R2 = 0.03

Adj. R2 = 0.05

Adj. R2 = 0.02

At no time (reference)

    

Some of the time

0.16 (-0.14; 0.47)

0.55 (0.21; 0.90)

5.25 (1.90; 8.60)

4.76 (1.63; 7.89)

Slightly less than half the time

0.98 (0.40; 1.56)

1.00 (0.36; 1.65)

16.58 (10.23; 22.93)

6.15 (0.25; 12.06)

Slightly more than half the time

0.34 (-0.23; 0.91)

0.67 (0.01; 1.33)

9.18 (3.00; 15.36)

8.81 (2.79; 14.84)

Most or all of the time

0.86 (0.17; 1.55)

0.76 (-0.01; 1.54)

13.85 (6.30; 21.40)

7.60 (0.51; 14.70)

Item 3: Lacking energy

Adj. R2 = 0.04

Adj. R2 = 0.05

Adj. R2 = 0.09

Adj. R2 = 0.05

At no time (reference)

    

Some of the time

0.15 (-0.20; 0.49)

0.46 (0.07; 0.84)

3.92 (0.18; 7.65)

1.72 (-1.80; 5.23

Slightly less than half the time

0.67 (0.15; 1.19)

1.07 (0.49; 1.65)

12.26 (6.65; 17.88)

7.73 (2.46; 13.00)

Slightly more than half the time

0.76 (0.24; 1.28)

0.78 (0.17; 1.38)

14.34 (8.75; 19.93)

10.91 (5.37; 16.46)

Most or all of the time

1.33 (0.83; 1.82)

1.50 (0.93; 2.06)

20.71 (15.37; 26.05)

13.79 (8.64; 18.93)

Item 4: Felt less self-confident

Adj. R2 = 0.01

Adj. R2 = 0.02

Adj. R2 = 0.04

Adj. R2 = 0.02

At no time (reference)

    

Some of the time

0.41 (0.07; 0.75)

0.38 (0.00; 0.76)

4.64 (0.92; 8.36)

4.02 (0.54; 7.50)

Slightly less than half the time

0.54 (-0.21; 1.29)

0.85 (-0.10; 1.79)

9.99 (1.88; 18.11)

9.10 (0.66; 17.54)

Slightly more than half the time

0.70 (-0.06; 1.47)

0.54 (-0.35; 1.42)

15.67 (7.41; 23.93)

7.72 (-0.35; 15.78)

Most or all of the time

1.12 (0.23; 2.02)

1.88 (0.88; 2.88)

16.83 (6.98; 26.69)

16.05 (6.91; 25.18)

Item 8: Restless or slowed down

Adj. R2 = 0.02

Adj. R2 = 0.005

Adj. R2 = 0.04

Adj. R2 = 0.01

At no time (reference)

 

*

  

Some of the time

-0.03 (-0.35; 0.29)

0.27 (-0.10; 0.63)

3.76 (0.23; 7.28)

3.26 (-0.07; 6.60)

Slightly less than half the time

0.13 (-0.42; 0.69)

0.35 (-0.26; 0.95)

6.41 (0.29; 12.53)

5.42 (-0.09; 10.94)

Slightly more than half the time

0.09 (-0.45; 0.62)

0.40 (-0.21; 1.02)

5.98 (0.10; 11.86)

4.94 (-0.73; 10.60)

Most or all of the time

1.25 (0.66; 1.84)

0.86 (0.18; 1.54)

19.13 (12.67; 25.60)

8.27 (2.02; 14.53)

  1. *All associations between items and outcomes and total MDI and outcomes were statistically significant (p < .05) except for the association between item 8 and LBP at 12-months. Confidence intervals that span across zero indicate that this particular category was not significantly different from the reference.
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Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

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