Table 2 Studies mapping the IAS to a spinal landmark in the upright position

Cooperstein, 2007 [43]

n = 34, 59% male; mean Y/O = 26; all healthy

Radio-opaque marker placed on ISA, compared with spinal radiography

T6: 5.9%

n/a

11

T7: 17.6%

T8: 47.1%

T9: 26.5%

T10: 2.9

Haneline, 2008 [40]

n = 50, 50% male; mean Y/O = 47.5; health status unknown

Radiographic mensuration of scapula and spine

T6: 8.0%

Left and right scapular positions averaged

n/a

T7: 26.0%

T8: 56.0

T9: 10.0%

Teoh, 2009 [4]

n = 104, 54.8% male; mean Y/O; receiving chest radiography

Radio-opaque marker placed on ISA, compared with spinal radiography

T6: 1.0%

n/a

14

T7: 9.6%

T8: 30.8%

T9: 36.5%

T10: 16.3%

T11: 5.8%

Arzola, 2011 [1]

n = 55, 41.8% male; mean Y/O 30.7; all healthy

Ultrasonography

T6: 3.6%

Intervertebral space findings apportioned equally to segments above and below

13

T7: 12.7%

T8: 29.1%

T9: 29.1%

T10: 16.4%

T11: 9.1%

Kim, 2012 [3]

n = 100, 33% male; mean Y/O = 49.3; all symptomatic, variety of conditions

Epidural insertion level as seen on radiography

T5: 1%

Subtracted 1 spinal level to account for use of epidural position

14

T6: 1%

T7: 25%

T8: 62%

T9: 10%

T10: 1%