Prognostic indicator at baseline | Association with poor outcome | Pain | Disability | Return to work | UHC 1 | GI 2 | Combination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Centralization | Positive | [25] a[55]a [67]a | [25] a[38]a[67]a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
short-term | None | [67] | [55][37] | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Centralization | Positive | [25] a | [25] a[67]a | [55]a | [67]a | Â | Â |
long-term | None | [67][32−/−] | [67][55][32−/−] | [67][55][32−/−] | [67] |  |  |
Peripheralization | Positive | [25] a | [25] a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
short-term | None | Â | [38] | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Peripheralization | Positive | [25] a | [25] a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
long-term | None | [32−/−] | [32−/−] | [32−/−] |  |  |  |
Palpation tone, pain, symmetry | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
short-term | none | [54] | [37][54] |  |  | [72][68] | [45−/−] |
Palpation tone, pain, symmetry | Positive | Â | [48] b | Â | Â | Â | Â |
long-term | none | [54] | [54] | [64] | [69] | Â | Â |
Palpation mobility | Positive | Â | [46+/+] a [37+/+] a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
short-term | none | [36?/-] | [39][38][36?/-] | Â | Â | [36?/-] | Â |
ROM3 spine | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | [29] a |
short-term | None | [47?/-] | [37][46][38] | [33] [47?/-] | Â | [68][47?/-] | [29][33] |
ROM3 spine | Positive | [35][28] | [48] b | [50+/+][62+/?] a | Â | Â | [29] |
long-term | None | [63?/-] | [35][30] b[66] | [28][31][50] [62][66][64] | [69+/−] |  | [65][29] |
FFD4 | Positive |  |  |  |  | [72−/+] a | [45+/−] |
short-term | None | [47?/-] | [44−/−] | [47?/-] |  | [47?/+][68][72] |  |
FFD4 | Positive |  |  | [49+/−] |  |  |  |
long-term | None | [35] | [35][43−/−] |  |  |  |  |
Schober’s test | Positive | [70+/−] b |  |  |  |  |  |
long-term | None | [28] | Â | [28] | [69] | Â | Â |
Aberrant spinal movement | Positive | [46+/+] a | [33+/−] |  |  |  |  |
short-term | None | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | [33] |
ROM3 of the hip | Positive |  | [37 − +/+] |  |  |  |  |
short-term | None | Â | Â | Â | Â | [68] | [29] |
ROM3 of the hip | Positive | Â | Â | [62]b | Â | Â | [29] |
long-term | None | [63−/−] |  | [31] |  |  | [29] |
SI5 motion symmetry tests | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
short-term | None | Â | [37] | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Pain on spinal movement | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | [68]a | Â |
short-term | None | [54] | [54] | Â | Â | [68] | Â |
Pain on spinal movement | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
long-term | None | [54][56] | [54][56] | Â | [56] | Â | Â |
SI5 provocation tests | Positive | Â | [40+/+] | Â | Â | Â | Â |
short-term | None | Â | [37][46][40] | Â | Â | Â | Â |
SI5 provocation tests | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
long-term | None | [63?/-] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Prone instability test | Positive | Â | [46+/+] a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
short-term | None | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Percussion | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
short-term | None | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | [65] |
Percussion | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
long-term | None | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | [65] |
Muscle endurance | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
short-term | None | [59] | [46] | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Muscle endurance | Positive | [35][27] | Â | [27] | Â | Â | Â |
long-term | None | [35][59][27] | [35][27][57] | [27][31] | Â | [27] | Â |
Muscle strength | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
short-term | None | Â | [46] | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Muscle strength | Positive | [28] | [48] b | [28] | Â | Â | Â |
long-term | None | Â | Â | [31] | Â | Â | Â |
Neurological signs | Positive | [44] | [44+/+] | [63] |  | [72−/+][68] | [29] |
short-term | None | [65][51][42] | Â | [63] | Â | [72] | [29] |
Neurological signs | Positive | [43+/−][63?/+] | [43+/−][30] b | [58+/−] |  |  | [29] |
long-term | None | [28][63?/-] | [43−/−] | [58][28][60][50][64] | [69] |  | [65][29] |
SLR6 | Positive |  | [46−/+][63] | [65+/−][63] |  | [72+/+][68] | [29] |
short-term | None | [51] |  | [33] |  | [72][26] | [45−/−][29][33] |
SLR6 | Positive |  | [30] b[61] |  | [69+/−] |  | [29] |
long-term | None | [28][35][56][70−/−][63?/-] | [56][66][35] | [58][28][60][66][64] | [56] | [26] | [65] |
Cross SLR6 | Positive | [34] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
short-term | None | Â | [38] | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cross SLR6 | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
long-term | None | [63?/-] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Femoral stretch | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | [72+/+][68] | Â |
short-term | None | Â | Â | Â | Â | [72] | Â |
Femoral stretch | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
long-term | None | Â | Â | [58] | Â | Â | Â |
Naffziger sign | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
short-term | None | Â | Â | Â | Â | [72] | Â |
Non-organic signs | Positive | Â | Â | [73] | Â | Â | [29] |
short-term | None | Â | [37] | Â | Â | Â | [29] |
Non-organic signs | Positive | Â | Â | [52+/+][41+/?] | [41+/?] | Â | Â |
long-term | None |  | [30] b | [53+/−][58+/−][71] | [41+/?] |  | [29] |
Functional tests | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
short-term | None | Â | Â | Â | Â | [68] | Â |
Functional tests | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | [29][61] |
long-term | None | [27] | [30] b[27] | [31][27][62] | Â | [27] | [29] |
Leg length discrepancy | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | [29] |
short-term | None | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | [29] |
Leg length discrepancy | Positive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
long-term | None | Â | Â | [64] | Â | Â | Â |