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Table 2 Case definition of strains [25]

From: The effectiveness of manual therapy for the management of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper and lower extremities: a systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration

Grade

Definition

I

Strain occurs when less than 5 % of muscle/fibers are disrupted, with fascia remaining intact.

II

Strain occurs when muscles fibers/tendon discontinuity involves a moderate number of muscle fibers.

IIIa

Strain occurs when there is complete discontinuity in the muscle fibers.

  1. aGrade III strains are excluded from this review; grade I-III ankle sprains and strains were considered if a grade specific analysis was conducted or if a trial included the same distribution of grade III injuries between intervention groups