Effect of lumbar spinal manipulation on local and remote pressure pain threshold and pinprick sensitivity in asymptomatic individuals: a randomised trial

Table 2 Changes in pressure pain threshold over time

	Mean PPT, kg/cm² (SD)	Difference compared to baseline, kg/cm² (% change)	p-value (effect size), compared to baseline
Calf
Baseline	4.8 (2.1)	-	-
Immediate	5.1 (2.2)	0.3 (5.4 %)	.11 (.08)
10 min	5.1 (2.2)	0.4 (7.3 %)	.05 (.11)
20 min	5.2 (2.2)	0.5 (9.6 %)	.02* (.17)
30 min	5.2 (2.0)	0.4 (9.0 %)	.03* (.14)
Lumbar spine
Baseline	6.5 (2.8)	-	-
Immediate	6.7 (2.7)	0.2 (3.7 %)	.25 (.04)
10 min	7.0 (2.5)	0.5 (7.2 %)	.03* (.13)
20 min	7.1 (2.7)	0.6 (9.2 %)	.01* (.19)
30 min	7.3 (2.6)	0.8 (11.8 %)	.01* (.21)
Scapula
Baseline	4.6 (1.9)	-	-
Immediate	4.6 (2.0)	−0.01 (−0.2 %)	.88 (.001)
10 min	4.7 (2.1)	0.1 (2.4 %)	.45 (.02)
20 min	4.7 (1.9)	0.1 (2.6 %)	.44 (.02)
30 min	4.7 (1.7)	0.1 (2.0 %)	.58 (.01)
Forehead
Baseline	2.6 (1.0)	-	-
Immediate	2.7 (1.1)	0.1 (2.3 %)	.40 (.02)
10 min	2.7 (1.1)	0.1 (2.3 %)	.45 (.02)
20 min	2.7 (1.0)	0.1 (1.9 %)	.58 (.01)
30 min	2.7 (1.0)	0.1 (3.1 %)	.34 (.03)

Abbreviations: PPT pressure pain threshold, SD standard deviation, * = p ≤ .05. Note: effect size reported as partial eta squared (ƞ_P ²)

ISSN: 2045-709X