Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

Table 5 Bland-Altman Limits of Agreement (cm and VE) for examiner determination of SSS

From: The reliability of spinal motion palpation determination of the location of the stiffest spinal site is influenced by confidence ratings: a secondary analysis of three studies

				95% LOA
N	Subset	Units	Bias	Lower limit	Upper limit
Cervical spine
27	All subjects	cm	0.0	−3.1	3.1
27	All subjects	VE	0.0	−1.7	1.7
21	Both examiners confident	cm	−0.2	−3.1	2.7
21	Both examiners confident	VE	−0.1	−1.7	1.5
6	≥1 examiners not confident	cm	0.7	−3.2	4.5
6	≥1 examiners not confident	VE	0.4	−1.8	2.5
Thoracic spine
52	All subjects	cm	−0.1	−10.9	10.8
52	All subjects	VE	0.0	−4.8	4.7
21	Both examiners confident	cm	0.6	−4.8	6
21	Both examiners confident	VE	0.3	−2.1	2.6
31	≥1 examiners not confident	cm	−0.5	−13.9	12.9
31	≥1 examiners not confident	VE	−0.2	−6.1	5.6
Lumbar spine
34	All subjects	cm	0.5	−6.1	7.1
34	All subjects	VE	0.1	−1.5	1.8
19	Both examiners confident	cm	0.3	−5.9	6.5
19	Both examiners confident	VE	0.1	−1.5	1.6
15	≥1 examiners not confident	cm	0.8	−6.4	7.9
15	≥1 examiners not confident	VE	0.2	−1.6	2.0
Combined dataset
113	All subject	cm	0.1	−8.2	8.4
113	All subject	VE	0.1	−3.0	3.1
61	Both examiners confident	cm	0.3	−4.7	5.2
61	Both examiners confident	VE	0.1	−1.7	1.9
36	1 examiner confident	cm	0.9	−10.8	9.1
36	1 examiner confident	VE	−0.3	−4.0	3.3
16	No examiners confident	cm	1.90	−10.9	14.7
16	No examiners confident	VE	−0.7	−4.0	5.4

Abbreviations: LOA limits of agreement, SD standard deviations, SE standard error, VE vertebral equivalent

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