Table 1 Ways of coding themes for analysis [41]

Inductive

Coding and theme development are directed by the content of the data

Deductive

Coding and theme development are directed by existing concepts or ideas

Semantic

Coding and theme development reflect the explicit content of the data

Latent

Coding and theme development report concepts and assumptions underpinning the data

Realist

Focuses on reporting an assumed reality evident in the data

Constructionist

Focuses on looking at how a certain reality is created by the data