Table 3 Diagnostic procedures used in Functional Neurology according to four sources in a scoping review
Structure(s) or function(s) | Sources of information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Book | Scientific articles | Websites | Interviews | ||
Spinal nerve | Sensory | Spinothalamic tracta Dorsal columnsb | Spinothalamic tracta Dorsal columnsb | X | X |
Motor | Myotomes Muscle tone | Myotomes | Myotomes | X | |
Reflexes | Osteotendinous Plantar Superficial abdominal | Osteotendinous Plantar | X | Osteotendinous | |
Cranial nerves | I to XII | At least, II to VIII, X to XII | At least, III, IV, VI, and VIII | I to XII | |
Vestibulo-cerebellar | Eye movements CN II, III, V, VII and, VIII to XII Romberg / Fukuda tests Finger-to-nose / Heel-to-shin tests Rapid alternative movements Vestibulo-ocular reflex Balance assessment Tandem gait Walking on toes / heels | Eye movements Finger-to-nose / Heel-to-shin tests Rapid alternative movements Vestibulo-ocular reflex Balance assessment Functional Romberg test | Eye movements Balance assessment | Eye movements Romberg / Fukuda tests Vestibulo-ocular reflex Balance assessment | |
Brain lobe(s) | Eye movements Blind spot mapping qEEG | Eye movements Blind spot mapping Gait assessment Finger dexterity Muscle testing Primitive reflexes Dual mental tasking | Eye movements Blind spot mapping | Eye movements Blind spot mapping | |
Basal ganglia | Looking for fascial tics | Colored lenses | NM | X | |
Autonomic | Observation (e.g. pupillary size, condition of the skin) Pupil light reflex Blood pressure Forehead / tympanic temperatures Heart rate Respiratory rate / ratio Oximetry Bowel auscultation Dermographia Vein-to-artery ratio of the retinal vessel | Blood pressure Heart rate Heart auscultation “Respiratory excursion” Vein-to-artery ratio of the retinal vessel Search for dermographia | X | Pupillary size or pupil light reflex Blood pressure Heart rate Oximetry | |
Cognitive | Questions about patient’s orientation and for testing memory | Wechsler intelligence scale for children Test of variables of attention Finger tapping test Cognitive tasks (e.g. memory tasks) | X | Test of variables of attention | |