|
Study design
|
Indirectness
|
Inconsistency
|
Imprecision
|
Publication bias
|
Quality
|
---|
CT
|
9 studies
|
Serious limitationa
|
Nob
|
Noc
|
Nod
|
Noe
|
Moderate
|
Myelography
|
8 studies
|
Serious limitationa
|
Nob
|
Noc
|
Nod
|
Noe
|
Moderate
|
MRI
|
6 studies
|
Serious limitationa
|
Nob
|
Serious limitationc
|
Serious limitationd
|
Noe
|
Very low
|
- aMore than 25% of participants in studies with two or more high risk of domains among four risk of bias domains
- bStudies done in a hospital setting. It was not considered as a serious applicability concern because only surgery was a reference standard
- cIt was evaluated by a correlation between logit-transformed sensitivity and logit-transformed specificity. dWide confidence interval of the sensitivity and specificity in more than 25% of the studies
- eThe possibility of publication bias is not excluded but it was not considered sufficient to downgrade the quality of evidence