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Table 2 Cost components included in the societal and healthcare perspectives

From: Cost-effectiveness of spinal manipulation, exercise, and self-management for spinal pain using an individual participant data meta-analysis approach: a study protocol

Cost component

Perspective

Healthcare

Societal

Formal healthcare sector

 Paid for by third-party payers

X

X

 Paid for by patients

X

X

Informal healthcare sector

 Patient time

–

X

 Transportation costs

–

X

Non-healthcare sector

 Productivity costs (paid and unpaid labor)

–

X