An observational study on trajectories and outcomes of chronic low back pain patients referred from a spine surgery division for chiropractic treatment

Table 2 Model 1: Prediction of self-reported overall improvement by changes in present pain (NRS) and Bournemouth Questionnaire (BQ)

	B (SE)	Exp B (Odds Ratio)	95% CI Exp B	p
PGIC 1 week: Nagelkerke R² = 0.03–0.10
Change NRS present pain	−0.03 (0.15)	0.97	0.72–1.31	0.842
Change BQ total score	0.04 (0.03)	1.04	0.98–1.11	0.178
PGIC 1 month: Nagelkerke R² = 0.23–0.30
Change NRS present pain	0.16 (0.11)	1.17	0.95–1.44	0.134
Change BQ total score	0.06 (0.03)	1.06	1.00–1.12	0.039
PGIC 3 months: Nagelkerke R² = 0.31–0.48
Change NRS present pain	0.04 (0.14)	1.05	0.80–1.37	0.743
Change BQ total score	0.10 (0.04)	1.11	1.02–1.20	0.013
PGIC 6 months: Nagelkerke R² = 0.42–0.46
Change NRS present pain	0.24 (0.12)	1.27	0.99–1.61	0.056
Change BQ total score	0.08 (0.03)	1.08	1.02–1.15	0.016
PGIC 12 months: Nagelkerke R² = 0.32–0.43
Change NRS present pain	0.04 (0.14)	1.04	0.79–1.37	0.794
Change BQ total score	0.09 (0.04)	1.10	1.02–1.18	0.021

Logistic regressions with PGIC (0 = not improved, 1 = improved) of each time point as dependent variable and the changes in NRS and BQ as independent variables
BQ Bournemouth Questionnaire, NRS Numeric rating scale, PGIC Patient Global Impression of Change

ISSN: 2045-709X