From: European guidelines on quality criteria for diagnostic radiographic images of the lumbar spine – an intra- and inter-observer reproducibility study
Lumbar projection
Agreement
Expected Agreement
Kappa (k)
Standard Error
Z
Probability>Z
AP/PA
82.00%
62.48%
0.5203
0.1412
3.68
0.0001
Lat. L1-L4
84.00%
49.60%
0.6825
0.1374
4.97
0.0000
Lat. L5-S1
78.00%
58.28%
0.4727
0.1288
3.67