| Treatment groups | Group differences | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | SMT + HEP | SEP + HEP | HEP | SMT + HEP minus HEP | SEP + HEP minus HEP | SMT + HEP minus SEP + HEP |
Isometric strength (lbs) | ||||||
 Extension | 9.1 (5.0 to 12.2) | 4.4 (0.3 to 8.4) | 6.8 (2.7 to 10.9) | 2.3 (−3.5 to 8.1) | − 2.4 (− 8.1 to 3.4) | 4.7 (− 1.1 to 10.4) |
 Flexion | 1.4 (−1.4 to 4.1) | 1.0 (−1.8 to 3.8) | 2.0 (− 0.8 to 4.8) | − 0.6 (− 4.5 to 3.3) | −1.0 (− 4.9 to 3.0) | 0.4 (− 3.6 to 4.3) |
Static endurance (sec) | ||||||
 Extension | 18.1 (10.0 to 26.3) | 25.3 (17.2 to 33.4) | 21.7 (13.5 to 29.9) | −3.6 (− 15.2 to 8.0) | 3.6 (− 7.9 to 15.2) | − 7.2 (− 18.7 to 4.3) |
 Flexion | 9.1 (− 2.0 to 20.2) | 25.2 (14.2 to 36.3) | 15.8 (4.7 to 27.0) | −6.7 (− 22.4 to 9.0) | 9.4 (− 6.3 to 25.1) | −16.1 (− 31.8 to − 0.5) |
Handgrip strength testa (kg) | −0.7 (− 1.8 to 0.3) | 1.1 (− 0.02 to 2.2) | 0.2 (− 0.9 to 1.2) | −0.9 (− 2.4 to 0.6) | 0.9 (− 0.6 to 2.4) | − 1.8 (− 3.4 to − 0.3) |
Timed up and go test (sec) | −0.7 (−1.1 to − 0.2) | −0.7 (− 1.1 to − 0.2) | −0.5 (− 0.9 to − 0.03) | −0.2 (− 0.8 to 0.5) | −0.2 (− 0.8 to 0.5) | −0.002 (− 0.6 to 0.6) |
Range of motion (degrees) | ||||||
 Flexion/Extension | 1.9 (−1.3 to 5.1) | −0.5 (− 3.7 to 2.7) | 0.04 (− 3.2 to 3.3) | 1.8 (− 2.8 to 6.4) | −0.5 (− 5.1 to 4.0) | 2.4 (− 2.2 to 6.9) |
 Rotation | − 0.2 (− 3.2 to 2.8) | 0.3 (− 2.7 to 3.3) | −0.8 (− 3.8 to 2.2) | 0.6 (− 3.7 to 4.9) | 1.1 (− 3.1 to 5.4) | −0.5 (− 4.8 to 3.7) |
 Lateral flexion | − 0.7 (− 3.0 to 1.6) | 0.1 (− 2.2 to2.4) | − 2.0 (− 4.3 to 0.3) | 1.3 (− 1.9 to 4.6) | 2.1 (− 1.1 to 5.3) | −0.8 (− 4.0 to 2.5) |