Table 2 Summary of the SM dose-physiological response relationship in human studies. (N=Newton)
Studies | Dosage parameters | Spine level | Sample size | Outcomes measures | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[19] Colloca et al, 2003 | Thrust forces: 30 N, 150 N | L4 | N = 4 | PAIN PRESSURE THRESHOLD | ● NO DIFFERENCES |
[23] Krouwel et al, 2010 | Thrust forces: 50, 200 N | L5 | N = 30 | ● NO DIFFERENCES | |
Thrust durations: 1,5 Hz or sustained pressure | |||||
[28] Pentelka et al, 2012 | Thrust durations: 30s,60s | L3 | N = 19 | ● NO DIFFERENCES | |
[29] Willett et al, 2010 | Thrust durations: 1 Hz, 2 Hz | L1 to L3 | N = 30 | ● NO DIFFERENCES | |
[19] Colloca et al, 2003 | Thrust forces: 30 N, 150 N | L1 to L3 | N = 4 | MUSCULAR RESPONSE AMPLITUDE | ● Data suggest higher responses with maximum thrust force setting |
[22] Keller et al, 2000 | Thrust forces: 19,5 N,190 N | Bilateral PSIS, sacrum, S1 and L5, L4, L2, T12 and T8 | N = 40 | ● Increase after SM treatment | |
● SMT showed a greater increasing than control group and sham treatment | |||||
[25] Nougarou et al, 2014 | Preload forces: 5 N,50 N, 95 N, 140 N | T6 to T8 | N = 23 | ● Decrease during preload | |
● Increase during thrust | |||||
[26] Nougarou et al, 2016 | Combination of thrust forces / thrust durations: 57 ms/150 N, 80 ms/200 N, 102 ms,250 N, 125 ms/300 N | T6 to T8 | N = 25 | ● NO DIFFERENCES | |
[24] Nougarou et al, 2013 | Thrust forces: 80,130,180, 255 N | T6,T8 | N = 26 | ● Increase in thrust phase and resolution phase | |
[10] Pagé et al, 2016 | Thrust forces: 75 N,125 N,175 N, 225 N | L3 | N = 51 | ● Increase with increasing thrust force | |
[19] Colloca et al, 2003 | Thrust forces: 30 N, 150 N | L1 to L3 | N = 4 | VERTEBRAL DISPLACEMENT | ● Data suggest an increase when greater force is applied |
[20] Colloca et al, 2004 | Thrust forces: 30 N, 88 N, 117 N, 150 N | L3 to S2 | N = 9 | ● Increase with increasing thrust force | |
[22] Keller et al, 2000 | Thrust forces: 19,5 N,190 N | Bilateral PSIS, sacrum, S1 and L5, L4, L2, T12 and T8 | N = 40 | ●increase after any treatment | |
●SMT showed a greater increasing than control group and sham treatment | |||||
[25] Nougarou et al, 2014 | Preload forces: 5 N,50 N, 95 N, 140 N | T6 to T8 | N = 23 | ●Linear decrease with force during thrust phase ● Increase in preload phase with increasing preload | |
[26] Nougarou et al, 2016 | Combination of thrust forces / thrust durations: 57 ms/150 N, 80 ms/200 N, 102 ms,250 N, 125 ms/300 N | T6 to T8 | N = 25 | ● Increase in thrust phase with increasing thrust force | |
[27] Pagé et al, 2014 | Thrust durations: 125 ms, 175 ms, 275 ms | T7,T8 | N = 20 | ● NO DIFFERENCES |