Prevalence and factors associated with the use of primary headache diagnostic criteria by chiropractors

Moore, Craig; Leaver, Andrew; Sibbritt, David; Adams, Jon

doi:10.1186/s12998-019-0254-y

Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

Table 3 Headache referral characteristics across the use of ICHD primary headache diagnostic criteria

From: Prevalence and factors associated with the use of primary headache diagnostic criteria by chiropractors

Chiropractic headache referral		Used diagnostic criteria for primary headache types
Chiropractic headache referral		No (n = 61)	Yes (n = 334)	p-value
Headache referral (receiving)		%	%
Headache referral from GP	Never	42	27	< 0.001
	Rarely	46	40
	Sometimes	7	29
	Often	5	4
Headache referral from medical specialist (neurologist, rheumatologist, orthopaedic, psychiatrist)	Never	89	77	< 0.001
	Rarely	9	19
	Sometimes	2	4
	Often	0	1
Headache referral from Psychologist	Never	89	68	< 0.001
	Rarely	9	19
	Sometimes	2	11
	Often	0	2
Headache referral from Dentist	Never	67	40	0.002
	Rarely	21	33
	Sometimes	9	23
	Often	4	5
Headache referral from Physiotherapist	Never	74	67	0.684
	Rarely	19	21
	Sometimes	7	10
	Often	0	2
Headache referral from Osteopath	Never	89	78	0.154
	Rarely	11	16
	Sometimes	0	5
	Often	0	1
Headache referral from CAM practitioners (inc. acupuncturist, herbalist, naturopath, massage therapist, counsellor)	Never	28	11	< 0.001
	Rarely	28	19
	Sometimes	35	47
	Often	9	23
Headache referral (sending)
Headache referral to GP	Never	19	7	< 0.001
	Rarely	46	29
	Sometimes	33	55
	Often	2	9
Headache referral to medical specialist (neurologist, rheumatologist, orthopaedic, psychiatrist) via GP	Never	25	17	< 0.001
	Rarely	58	36
	Sometimes	18	42
	Often	0	4
Headache referral to Psychologist	Never	74	47	0.004
	Rarely	19	34
	Sometimes	7	16
	Often	0	2
Headache referral to Dentist	Never	39	15	0.001
	Rarely	32	42
	Sometimes	26	37
	ften	4	5
Headache referral to Physiotherapist	Never	72	54	0.106
	Rarely	21	31
	Sometimes	7	13
	Often	0	2
Headache referral to Osteopath	Never	91	74	0.025
	Rarely	7	21
	Sometimes	2	4
	Often	0	0
Headache referral to CAM practitioners (eg. acupuncturist, naturopath, massage therapist, counsellor)	Never	23	7	0.001
	Rarely	28	23
	Sometimes	33	50
	Often	16	20
Headache referral (reasons)
Headache referral to confirm headache diagnosis	Never	54	21	< 0.001
	Rarely	32	43
	Sometimes	12	32
	Often	2	4
Headache referral to improve coping skills and headache disability management	Never	39	11	< 0.001
	Rarely	26	31
	Sometimes	33	47
	Often	2	10
Headache referral to investigate headache red-flag	Never	0	1	< 0.001
	Rarely	42	12
	Sometimes	42	51
	Often	16	36
Headache referral to provide pain relief for acute headache attacks	Never	26	10	0.004
	Rarely	33	29
	Sometimes	33	48
	Often	7	12
Headache referral to help provide headache prevention	Never	37	17	0.004
	Rarely	33	35
	Sometimes	25	39
	Often	5	9

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ISSN: 2045-709X

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