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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

From: Muscle energy technique for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review

First author, publication year

No. randomised, (dropouts, if applicable)

Age in years (mean and SD or range)

Treatment duration; No. of treatments

Intervention protocol

Comparator

Outcome measures

Anand 2013

[37]

I: 15 (NS)

C: 15 (NS)

40–70

3 days; 3

MET + CPT

CPT

6MWT

CCQ

Borg scale

Sule 2017

[35]

Total: 30 (NS)

40–60

NS; NS

MET

Sham + CPT

FEV1

Wada 2016

[36]

I: 15 (1)

C: 15 (1)

I: 61 (5.4)

C: 64 (5.6)

12 weeks; 24

MET + exercise

Sham + exercise

6MWT

Modified Borg scale

  1. Abbreviations: CCQ Clinical COPD Questionnaire, C control group, CPT conventional chest physiotherapy, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second, I intervention group, MET muscle energy technique, NS not specified, SD standard deviation, 6MWT six-minute walk test