Pathophysiological manifestations | PGP studies (n = 33) | LPP studies (n = 74) |
---|---|---|
Pain location/ pain provocation | Topographic representation [27] Specific tests for SIJ region/ pubic symphysis [20, 28,29,30] Physical exam [31] | Physical exam tests [65, 85, 86, 88, 116] Physical exam [66] |
Recovery of symptoms | Physical exam [32] | Â |
Posture | Postural analysis [20] | Tests for levels of ASIS and PSIS [116] |
Continence | International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ) [48, 49] | Set of purposely devised questions [67] |
Pubis symphysis mobility | Radiographic examination - Chamberlian method [29] | Â |
Muscle function (strength/ endurance) | Isometric trunk extensor/flexor tests [33] | Pelvic floor muscles: surface electromyography [68] Hip extensors (max voluntary extension): dynamometer [68] Back extensors/flexors: isometric endurance timed tests [68] PFM strength – Vaginal balloon catheter [106] |
Gait speed/endurance | 6MWT [33] | Timed 20 m walk test [68] |
Flexibility | / | Digital forward flexmeter (HRS-220, Japan) [69] |
Anthropometric outcomes | / | BMI (KG/m2) [57] |
Pregnancy outcomes / maternal outcomes | Antenatal, intrapartum, neonatal and infant data that are normally registered in the Medical Birth Register [115] | Maternal: Gestation week at delivery, live births, length of labour, induction required, mode of delivery, episiotomy or a perineal tear, estimated blood loss at birth, antenatal and postnatal haemoglobin count, pain relief during labour. Neonatal: Gender, weight, Apgar score at 1 and 5 min, admittance to neonatal unit [86] Apgar score, birth weight, perinatal loss [84] Apgar scores [67] Gestational week of delivery [105] |
Surgical outcomes (fluoroscopy time, insertion time for guide wires, operation time, screw position) | Not specified [117] Post-op CT scan [117] | Â |