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Table 5 Correlation coefficients for changes from baseline between cardiovascular autonomic outcomes and PPT in an RCT on spinal manipulation

From: The effect of a single spinal manipulation on cardiovascular autonomic activity and the relationship to pressure pain threshold: a randomized, cross-over, sham-controlled trial

Outcomes

Log local PPT (kPa) N = 41

Distal PPT (kPa) N = 37

Post 1 − Baseline

Post 2 − Baseline

Post 3 − Baseline

Post 1 − Baseline

Post 2 − Baseline

Post 3 − Baseline

RRi (ms)

SM

− 0.021

− 0.003

0.012

− 0.332

− 0.071

0.097

N = 41

Sham

− 0.237

− 0.168

− 0.098

0.014

− 0.065

0.103

Log HF-HRV (ms2)

SM

− 0.212

0.073

− 0.034

− 0.067

0.007

0.070

N = 41

Sham

− 0.124

− 0.028

− 0.184

− 0.038

− 0.062

0.047

HF normalized unit

SM

− 0.266

− 0.049

− 0.058

− 0.037

− 0.013

0.211

N = 41

Sham

− 0.087

0.065

− 0.167

− 0.308

− 0.026

− 0.300

Log LF-HRV (ms2)

SM

0.120

0.126

0.077

− 0.012

− 0.015

− 0.127

N = 41

Sham

− 0.010

− 0.205

0.134

0.220

− 0.020

0.451

Log LF/HF

SM

0.296

0.045

0.116

0.056

− 0.020

− 0.200

N = 41

Sham

0.079

− 0.083

0.219

0.262

0.036

0.376

Log RMSSD (ms)

SM

− 0.204

0.161

0.086

− 0.102

0.015

0.046

N = 41

Sham

− 0.139

− 0.006

− 0.191

− 0.142

− 0.041

0.074

Log SDNN (ms)

SM

− 0.188

0.077

− 0.081

− 0.001

0.114

− 0.024

N = 41

Sham

− 0.160

− 0.041

− 0.263

− 0.062

− 0.145

− 0.024

SBP (mmHg)

SM

0.141

0.081

0.087

0.209

0.137

0.343

N = 30

Sham

0.165

0.247

0.336

0.412

0.509

0.581

DBP (mmHg)

SM

− 0.010

− 0.022

0.015

− 0.094

0.097

0.024

N = 30

Sham

0.153

0.094

0.190

0.020

0.343

0.266

MBP (mmHg)

SM

0.040

0.012

0.046

− 0.052

0.156

0.165

N = 30

Sham

0.149

0.138

0.187

0.058

0.428

0.380

LF-SBP (mm2Hg)

SM

0.278

0.142

0.164

0.062

0.007

− 0.236

N = 30

Sham

0.181

− 0.038

0.090

0.379

0.043

0.058

  1. Notes
  2. - Statistically significant correlations at p < 0.006 (Bonferroni correction) are bold faced
  3. - † Spearman’s correlation coefficients
  4. - Pearson’s correlation coefficients unless contrary mention
  5. - For correlations between blood pressure and distal PPT results were based (i) on 27 subjects for Post 1 - Baseline and Post 2 - Baseline and (ii) on 25 subjects for Post 3 - Baseline
  6. Abbreviations:
  7. SM Spinal manipulation, RRi intervals between normal beats; Log logarithm with base 10; HF high frequency; HF normalized unit: HF/(HF + LF)×100; LF low frequency; RMSSD root mean square of the successive differences between normal heartbeats; SDNN standard deviation of the inter beat interval of normal sinus beats; SBP systolic blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; MBP mean blood pressure; PPT pressure pain threshold in kilopascal