Predictors of low back disability in chiropractic and physical therapy settings

Table 1 Participant characteristics at baseline (values are mean ± SD for continuous variables and N (%) for categorical variables)

Characteristic	Value (n = 108)
*Sociodemographic*
Age (years)^a	50.4 (13.6)
Gender
-Male	54 (50%)
-Female	54 (50%)
BMI	26.8 (4.5)
Diagnostic tests for back pain in past 3 months^a	51 (47.2%)
Consultation with medical specialist for back pain in the last 3 months^a	14 (13.0%)
Analgesics for back pain^a	54 (50%)
*Physical profile*
LBP intensity, frequency and duration^a
LBP intensity PNRS (0–10) ^a	5.0 (1.9)
Always present, level of pain varies	68 (63.0%)
Often present, with pain-free periods < 6 h	24 (22.2%)
Other	16 (14.8%)
Functional Status
RMQ (0–24)^a	9.9 (4.4)
PSFS (0–10)	4.2 (1.4)
*Psychological status*
WAS (0–10)^a	5.7 (2.1)
PSEQ (0–60)^a	44.5 (12.3)
PCS Total (0–52)^a	20.5 (11.9)
DASS21 Total (0–63)^a	15.9 (11.4)

NB: BMI (Body Mass Index); PNRS (Pain Numeric Rating Scale); RMQ (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire); PSFS (Patient Specific Functional Scale); WAS (Work Ability Score); PSEQ (Patient Self-Efficacy Questionnaire); PCS (Pain Catastrophising Scale); DASS21 (Depression Anxiety Stress 21-item Scale). Selected potential putative predictor variables were based on previously investigated factors reported in the literature as prognostic for disability and based on significance of univariate regression analysis, the selected putative predictor variables (^a) were included in the multivariable models at 6 months

ISSN: 2045-709X