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Table 2 Force-time parameters of cervical and upper thoracic spinal manipulations delivered following one another in quick succession in asymptomatic and symptomatic participants

From: Differences in force-time parameters and electromyographic characteristics of two high-velocity, low-amplitude spinal manipulations following one another in quick succession

  

Peak force (N)

Rate of force application (N/s)

Thrust duration (ms)

 

Thrust

Asymptomatic

Symptomatic

Asymptomatic

Symptomatic

Asymptomatic

Symptomatic

Upper cervical spine

1

273^

136 ± 29#

1074^

601 ± 269

180^

93 ± 54

2

407

174 ± 34

1787

895 ± 214

160

104 ± 32

p-value

      

Lower cervical spine

1

193 ± 74

174 ± 37

638 ± 98

912 ± 271

147 ± 12

103 ± 43

2

248 ± 112

229 ± 62*

895 ± 328

1502 ± 731*

147 ± 12

112 ± 34

p-value

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

  

Thoracic spine

1

368 ± 71

490 ± 77

1732 ± 461

2749 ± 661

142 ± 19

108 ± 27

2

464 ± 109*

573 ± 90*

2724 ± 587*

3710 ± 815*

120 ± 10

111 ± 6

p-value

0.004

0.000

0.004

0.000

  
  1. * difference between thrusts significant (p < 0.05)
  2. ^ data only available from a single trial of two thrusts delivered to one participant
  3. # standard deviation