Table 3 Normalized differences in peak electromyographic responses associated with two cervical and upper thoracic spinal manipulations delivered following one another in quick succession in asymptomatic and symptomatic participants

Asymptomatic

1

0.0082⁺± 0.0106^#

0.0044 ± 0.0030

0.0334 ± 0.0437

0.0565 ± 0.0648

0.0198 ± 0.0314

0.1276 ± 0.1425

0.0550 ± 0.0328

0.0533 ± 0.0565

0.0088 ± 0.0107

0.0135 ± 0.0071

0.0442 ± 0.0606

0.0670 ± 0.0859

0.0199 ± 0.0227

0.1821 ± 0.2006

0.0547 ± 0.0315

0.0532 ± 0.0525

2

0.0103 ± 0.0115

0.0054 ± 0.0035

0.0580 ± 0.0632

0.0753 ± 0.0852

0.0162 ± 0.0178

0.1399 ± 0.1783

0.0532 ± 0.0164

0.0433 ± 0.0539

0.0137 ± 0.0179

0.0176 ± 0.0117

0.0708 ± 0.0814

0.0699 ± 0.0709

0.0141 ± 0.0132

0.1752 ± 0.2355

0.0676 ± 0.0396

0.0732 ± 0.0734

% diff

25.10

20.99

73.60*

p = 0.002

33.32

−17.89

9.61

−3.30

−18.73

55.08

30.60

60.16

4.28

−28.99

−3.81

23.60

37.57

Symptomatic

1

0.0028 ± 0.0024

0.0096 ± 0.0090

0.0167 ± 0.0202

0.0138 ± 0.0159

0.0071 ± 0.0048

0.0452 ± 0.0419

0.0222 ± 0.0178

0.0342 ± 0.0819

0.0027 ± 0.0016

0.0108 ± 0.0122

0.0147 ± 0.0176

0.0206 ± 0.0365

0.0054 ± 0.0076

0.0295 ± 0.0252

0.0205 ± 0.0124

0.0183 ± 0.0298

2

0.0031 ± 0.0022

0.0107 ± 0.0093

0.0243 ± 0.0301

0.0160 ± 0.0147

0.0084 ± 0.0079

0.0547 ± 0.0479

0.0275 ± 0.0246

0.0322 ± 0.0619

0.0031 ± 0.0023

0.0129 ± 0.0170

0.0182 ± 0.0218

0.0202 ± 0.0241

0.0057 ± 0.0057

0.0345 ± 0.0357

0.0236 ± 0.0148

0.0297 ± 0.0448

% diff

9.51

11.32

45.87*

p < 0.001

15.78

17.96

20.79

23.96

−5.99

16.27*

p = 0.005

20.03

24.24*

p < 0.001

−2.19

6.46

17.27

15.11

62.04*

p < 0.001