Effects of spinal manipulative therapy on inflammatory mediators in patients with non-specific low back pain: a non-randomized controlled clinical trial

Table 2 Significance of differences (P) in change scores and SMT-related effect size (d) in inflammatory mediator production between the baseline and 2 weeks later, during which patients with LBP received six SMT treatments

Mediator^a	Within group percent change from baseline (%Δ) Between group Cohen’s effect size (d) Significance of differences (P) in change scores
Mediator^a	Acute LBP	Chronic LBP	Chronic LBP vs. Acute LBP
TNFα	%Δ = −17	%Δ = − 22
	*d = 0.66*	*d = 0.69*	d = 0.19
	P = 0.03	P = 0.02	P = 0.53
IL-1	%Δ = −10	%Δ = − 9
	d = 0.38	*d = 0.74*	d = 0.31
	P = 0.18	P = 0.15	P = 0.40
IL-6	%Δ = − 8	%Δ = − 33
	d = 0.5	*d = 1.45*	*d = 0.64*
	P = 0.06	P = 0.001	P = 0.03
IL-2	%Δ = + 31	%Δ = − 10
	*d = 0.87*	d = 0.29	*d = 0.62*
	P = 0.02	P = 0.23	P = 0.09
IFNɣ	%Δ = − 2	%Δ = − 10
	d = 0.17	*d = 0.66*	*d = 0.62*
	P = 0.64	P = 0.02	P = 0.18
IL-1RA	%Δ = − 1	%Δ = − 12
	d = 0.28	d = 0.3	d = 0.19
	P = 0.79	P = 0.17	P = 0.33
sTNFR2	%Δ = -3	%Δ = −11
	d = 0.18	*d = 0.67*	d = 0.19
	P = 0.37	P = 0.01	P = 0.09
IL-10	%Δ = −12	%Δ = − 11
	d = 0.15	d = 0.36	d = 0.48
	P = 0.39	P = 0.2	P = 0.053

^aMediators for which statistical significance and above moderate effect size were found are shown in bold. Direction of changes is indicated by “- “or “+” signs

ISSN: 2045-709X