Fig. 1

Percentage of participants (95% confidence interval) that were aware of the following radiographic guidelines for low back pain: Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) [24, 25]; Alberta Toward Optimized Practice (TOP) Evidence-informed primary care management of low back pain: Clinical practice guideline [22]; American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness criteria for low back pain Patel et al. [23]; National Clinical Guidelines for non-surgical treatment of patients with recent onset low back pain or lumbar radiculopathy Stochkendahl et al. [26], National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Evidence-based management of acute musculoskeletal pain [19]; National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Low back pain and sciatica in over 16 s: assessment and management [27]; American College of Physicians (ACP) Noninvasive treatments for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain Qaseem et al. [28]; Diagnostic imaging practice guidelines for musculoskeletal complaints in adults-an evidence-based approach-part 3: spinal disorders Bussières et al. [6]; ACP Diagnostic imaging for low back pain: Advice for high-value health care Chou et al. [29]; CAR: Canadian Association of Radiologists; NL: Newfoundland and Labrador. (^*Entered by participants in the survey in response to “other”; ^#Exact binomial confidence intervals calculated)