What is the effect of spinal manipulation on the pressure pain threshold in young, asymptomatic subjects? A randomized placebo-controlled trial, with a cross-over design

Table 2 Adjusted differences in pressure pain threshold (PPT) readings in kPa at regional testing site at four different times after the interventions

Time measurements	SPINAL MANIPULATION			SHAM procedure			Differences between groups (95% CI)	P value
Time measurements	Means (SD)	Min-Max Values	95% CI	Means (SD)	Min-Max values	95% CI	Differences between groups (95% CI)	P value
Baseline	406 (158)	118–873	361–451	416 (162)	143–877	370–462	−10 (−73;53)	0.76
PPT 1	446 (169)	125–1048	395–487	447 (154)	173–768	389–482	−1 (−64;63)	0.98
PPT 2	450 (168)	137–903	401–494	438 (159)	145–807	386–478	12(−53;77)	0.72
PPT 3	443 (158)	125–853	394–487	438 (180)	151–962	387–480	4(−50;58)	0.90
PPT 4	444 (161)	146–823	395–487	432 (167)	136–859	378–470	12(−51;75)	0.71

SD standard deviation, SE standard error, PPT pressure pain threshold, PPT 1 follow-up time 1 immediately after intervention, PPT2 follow-up time 2 at T + 12 min after intervention, PPT 3 follow-up time 3 at T + 24 min after intervention, PPT 4 follow-up time 4 at T + 36 min after intervention

ISSN: 2045-709X