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Table 3 Evidence Table: Cohort Studiesa

From: The safety of spinal manipulative therapy in children under 10 years: a rapid review

Author(s), Year

Source Population

Sample Characteristics

Exposure

Outcomes

Confounders

Key Findings

Saedt et al., 2018 [33]

Infants < 27 wks, referred w/ indications of upper cervical dysfunction, w/o causative concomitant pathology, potential underlying pathology, &/or red flags; Netherlands

Mean age: 11.2 wks62.3% male

Reasons for seeking care: clear positional preference, restlessness and abnormal head position; n = 307

Mild mobilization techniques focusing on atlas (C1) in relation to C0-C2. Average impulse of 11–20 N.

Harms recorded by manual therapists via questionnaire and physical exam post-exam:

Mild: transient side effect lasting < 24 h

Moderate: requiring medical and/or general practitioner tx

Severe: requiring hospital tx, AE

N/A

Severe: 0%

Moderate: 0%

Mild: Vegetative responses after mobilization were reported:

- Flushing: 17.8% (14.03, 22.59)

- Hyper-extension: 4.3% (2.49, 7.11)

- Perspiration: 3.6% (2.01, 6.30)

- Gastro-esophageal reflux: 0.3% (0.06, 1.82)

Short breathing pattern changes: 9.2% (6.39, 12.87)

  1. AE Adverse events, D/t Due to, FU Follow-up, HA Headache, HVLA high velocity low amplitude, SMT spinal manipulative therapy, Months mos, N/A not applicable, RR relative risk, Tx Treatment, W/o Without, W/ With, Wks Weeks
  2. aData reported in this table only relates to adverse events, not benefits of treatment