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Table 8 Risk of Bias table: Case Report & Case Series

From: The safety of spinal manipulative therapy in children under 10 years: a rapid review

Risk of Bias table: Low risk of bias - Case Report & Case Series

Author, Year

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

Overall assessment

Hubbard, 2010 [62]

CS

Y

CS

N

N/A

CS

Y

Y

+

Muir, 2012 [63]

CS

Y

CS

Y

N/A

CS

Y

Y

+

Bourque, 2018 [53]

CS

Y

CS

N

N/A

CS

CS

Y

+

Iyer, 2017 [34]

CS

Y

CS

Y

N/A

CS

CS

Y

+

Young, 2017 [56]

CS

Y

CS

CS

N/A

CS

CS

Y

+

Berube, 2004 [57]

CS

Y

CS

Y

N/A

CS

CS

Y

+

Dorough, 2018 [58]

CS

Y

CS

N

N/A

CS

CS

Y

+

Zhang, 2004 [35]

Y

Y

CS

CS

N/A

CS

CS

N

+

Martin-Marcotte, 2018 [59]

CS

Y

CS

CS

N/A

CS

CS

Y

+

McCormick, 2018 [60]

CS

Y

CS

CS

N/A

CS

CS

Y

+

Lacroix, 2016 [64]

CS

Y

CS

CS

N/A

CS

CS

Y

+

Makela, 2018 [65]

CS

Y

CS

CS

N/A

CS

Y

Y

+

Paravicini, 2018 [66]

Y

Y

CS

CS

N/A

CS

Y

Y

+

Dobson, 1996 [46]

CS

Y

CS

CS

N/A

CS

CS

Y

+

Alcantara, 2008 [47]

CS

Y

CS

CS

N/A

CS

Y

Y

+

Wilson, 2012 [48]

CS

Y

Y

Y

N/A

CS

Y

Y

+

Alcantara, 2010 [49]

Y

Y

CS

CS

N/A

CS

CS

Y

+

Miller, 2008 [50]

Y

Y

Y

Y

N/A

CS

Y

Y

+

Shafrir, 1992 [51]

CS

Y

Y

Y

N/A

CS

Y

Y

+

Humphris, 2014 [52]

CS

Y

CS

Y

N/A

CS

CS

Y

+

Fairest, 2013 [54]

CS

Y

CS

Y

N/A

CS

CS

Y

+

Gordon, 2011 [55]

CS

Y

CS

CS

N/A

CS

CS

Y

+

Risk of Bias table: High risk of bias - Case Report & Case Series

Author, Year

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

Overall assessment

Kinkpe, 2009 [39]

CS

CS

Y

N

N/A

CS

Y

N

Nicolas-Schmid, 2016 [40]

Y

N

Y

CS

N/A

CS

N

N

Cox, 2016 [41]

Y

N

CS

CS

N/A

CS

CS

Y

Miller, 2009 [42]

Y

CS

CS

CS

N/A

CS

CS

Y

Ghanim, 2019 [43]

CS

N

Y

Y

N/A

CS

Y

Y

Deputy, 2014 [44]

CS

CS

Y

N

N/A

CS

Y

Y

Wiberg, 2010 [45]

Y

CS

CS

CS

N/A

CS

CS

N

  1. Y yes, N no, N/A not applicable, CS can’t say; ++: high quality; +: acceptable quality; −: unacceptable quality/rejected
  2. Legend: Case report & case series
  3. 1.1 Patient Selection
  4. 1.2 Exposure Ascertainment
  5. 1.3 Outcome Ascertainment
  6. 1.4 Alternative Causes
  7. 1.5 Challenge/Rechallenge
  8. 1.6 Dose-Response
  9. 1.7 Length of Follow-Up
  10. 1.8 Sufficient Detail