Table 3 Pro-directional surplus joint motion. Pro-directional surplus motion, SD and range in degrees for flexion and extension joint motion (C0/C1 to C6/C7). No significant differences were found between flexion and extension surplus motion

Average Flexion

2.36°

3.92°

2.71°

1.82°

1.47°

1.40°

1.48°

SD Flexion

3.20°

2.37°

1.65°

1.03°

1.18°

1.35°

2.00°

Flexion Range

0.07°-14.23°

0.26°-7.33°

0.07°-5.41°

0.19°-3.62°

0.18°-4.27°

0.10°-4.33°

0.38°-5.01°

Average Extension

1.99°

3.38°

2.57°

1.45°

1.08°

1.78°

1.34°

SD Extension

1.42°

1.95°

1.97°

1.18°

1.15°

1.70°

0.96°

Extension Range

0.02°-4.5°

0.05°-6.97°

0.57°-6.77°

0.20°-5.75°

0.06°-4.57°

0.04°-4.56°

0.08°-3.42°