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Table 2 Risk of Bias Table for Randomized Controlled Trials According to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) Checklist

From: Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions on sleep characteristics among adults with musculoskeletal pain and a comorbid sleep problem: a systematic review

Author, Year

Research Question

Randomization

Concealment

Blinding

(1/2)

Similarity at baseline

Similarity between arms

Outcome measurement

Percent drop-out

Intention to treat

Comparable results between sites

Lerman S.F. et al. 2017 [43]

Y

Y

Y

N/Y

Y

Y

Y

CBT =30%

Control =24%

Y

CS

McCurry S.M. et al. 2014 [42]

Y

Y

CS

N/Y

Y

CS

Y

CBT-Pain =13.9%

CBT-Pain-Insomnia =17.2%

Control =7.3%

Y

CS

Salwen J. et al., 2017 [36]

Y

Y

Y

N/Y

Y

Y

Y

Int: 30%

Contr: 24%

Y

N/A

Smith M.T., et al. 2015 [32]

Y

Y

Y

N/Y

Y

Y

Y

CBT =30%

Control =24%

Y

N/A

Vitiello et al. 2014 [41]

Y

Y

CS

N/Y

Y

CS

Y

CBT-Pain: 3.3%

CBT-Pain & Insomnia: 6.6%

Control: 0.8%

Y

CS

Vitiello et al. 2013 [31]

Y

Y

CS

N/Y

Y

CS

Y

CBT-Pain: 9.0%

CBT-Pain & Insomnia: 11.4%

Control: 2.4%

Y

CS

  1. Y Yes; N No; CS Can’t Say; N/A Not applicable. CBT cognitive behavioural therapy
  2. 1. Blinding of subjects and/or treatment providers; 2. Blinding of outcome assessors/data analysists