Table 2 Demographic data and participants’ results for clinical outcomes

F:M

9:14

5:9

10:8

N/A

Age (years)

70.00 ± 7.66

72.43 ± 9.41

52.00 ± 9.29

< 0.001^*†

Weight (kg)

82.02 ± 14.76

83.20 ± 22.15

82.26 ± 9.95

0.975

Height (m)

1.68 ± 0.09

1.89 ± 0.80

1.69 ± 0.07

0.265

BMI (kg/m²)

29.02 ± 4.05

27.65 ± 9.02

28.85 ± 3.51

0.756

Leg pain intensity in the past week (/10)

5.63 ± 2.19

6.04 ± 2.06

3.74 ± 2.33

0.008^*†

WIQ_distance (%)

34.91 ± 30.30

24.34 ± 31.62

89.54 ± 17.97

0.001^*†

WIQ_speed (%)

31.00 ± 20.49

23.99 ± 24.33

75.24 ± 20.67

< 0.001^{* †}

WIQ_stairs (%)

20.92 ± 14.51

15.19 ± 15.82

41.88 ± 10.66

< 0.001^{* †}

WIQ_mean (%)

28.94 ± 20.52

21.17 ± 22.87

68.89 ± 14.20

< 0.001^{* †}

FC-SSSQ_pain (/35)

20.87 ± 4.25

21.86 ± 3.46

14.17 ± 4.00

< 0.001^{* †}

FC-SSSQ_function (/20)

11.96 ± 2.85

12.00 ± 4.22

7.39 ± 2.89

0.001^{* †}

FC-SSSQ_total (/55)

33.26 ± 6.29

33.86 ± 6.01

21.56 ± 5.38

< 0.001^{* †}

TSK (/68)

45.43 ± 8.39

38.46 ± 8.13

34.39 ± 7.91

< 0.001^*#

EQ-VAS score (/100)

73.00 ± 18.38

66.79 ± 18.18

78.44 ± 6.78

0.118