Skip to main content

Table 1 Sample characteristics and evaluation of loss-to follow-up

From: Pain trajectories and possible predictors of a favourable course of low back pain in patients consulting musculoskeletal physicians in The Netherlands

 

Whole sample

No follow-up

Follow-up

p value

N

1377

260

1117

 

Gender (female)

58.7

53.1

60.0

0.042

Age, mean (SD)

47.0 (13.5)

45.0 (13.6)

47.5 (13.5)

0.008

Education (high vocational/ university)

60.4

57.3

61.1

0.261

Radiating pain into the leg

39.9

41.9

39.4

0.453

Radiating pins and needles

27.0

26.5

27.1

0.848

Time since complaints 1st started

11.4 (12.0)

11.2 (11.7)

11.4 (12.1)

0.792

Duration of current episode (years)

2.1 (4.8)

2.4 (4.8)

2.1 (4.8)

0.423

SF-6D baseline score

0.74 (0.11)

0.75 (0.11)

0.74 (0.11)

0.691

ODI baseline score

23.4 (15.7)

24.6 (16.6)

23.2 (15.5)

0.265

Concomitant complaints present

53.8

54.2

53.7

0.881

Pain avoidant

70.9

72.8

70.5

0.490

Previous specialist visit

62.1

57.3

63.2

0.078

Previous visit neurologist

22.5

25.0

21.9

0.287

Previous visit orthopaedic surgeon

21.2

23.1

20.8

0.413

Previous visit rehabilitation

4.9

6.2

4.7

0.317

Previous visit pain clinic

7.5

6.5

7.7

0.522

Medication (categorical)*

   

0.477

 None (ref.)

32.8

28.8

33.8

 

 Rarely

24.5

25.0

24.4

0.327

 Regularly not daily

28.2

30.8

27.7

0.139

 Daily

14.5

15.4

14.2

0.280

Previous physiotherapy*

   

0.987

 Treated no effect (ref.)

64.6

65.0

64.5

 

 Treated effect

6.6

6.5

6.6

0.939

 Not treated

28.8

28.5

28.9

0.875

Previous manual therapy*

   

0.899

 Treated no effect (ref.)

28.8

29.2

28.7

 

 Treated effect

6.4

5.8

6.5

0.649

 Not treated

64.8

65.0

64.7

0.934

Previous chiropractic*

   

0.034

 Treated no effect (ref.)

13.6

18.5

12.4

 

 Treated effect

2.6

3.5

2.8

0.136

 Not treated

83.8

79.6

84.4

0.013

Previous medication*

   

0.735

 Treated no effect (ref.)

19.5

18.5

19.7

 

 Treated effect

2.8

3.5

2.7

0.440

 Tot treated

77.7

78.1

77.6

0.691

Previous pain clinic*

   

0.046

 Treated no effect (ref.)

6.0

3.8

6.5

 

 Treated effect

0.9

1.9

0.6

0.015

 Not treated

93.1

94.2

92.8

0.114

Previous surgery*

   

0.333

 Treated no effect (ref.)

1.7

1.9

1.7

 

 Treated effect

2.0

0.8

2.2

0.181

Tot treated

96.3

97.3

96.1

0.829

Previous other treatment*

   

0.789

 Treated no effect (ref.)

16.6

15.8

16.8

 

 Treated effect

4.4

3.8

4.6

0.783

 Not treated

78.9

80.4

78.6

0.643

Work status*

   

0.126

 No work (ref.)

22.3

22.7

22.3

 

 Not physical work

51.6

46.5

52.6

0.423

 Physical work

26.1

30.8

25.1

0.331

Type of treatment*

   

0.064

 Manual Medicine (MM, ref.)

20.0

21.4

19.7

 

 Orthomanual Medicine (OMM)

76.9

74.0

77.6

0.461

 Both MM and OMM

1.8

1.3

1.8

0.529

 Other treatment

1.3

3.1

0.9

0.024

Number of treatment sessions

3.4 (1.6)

2.7 (1.6)

3.5 (1.6)

0.000

McKenzie

14.2

12.6

14.6

0.434

Treated.differently

4.4

5.4

4.2

0.428

  1. For dichotomous and categorical variables percentages are presented, for continuous variables means and standard deviation (SD). Loss to follow-up is evaluated for each baseline variable with p values for the probability to be included in the analyses (patients completing at least one follow-up measurement)
  2. *For categorical variables reference categories are indicated in the table
Back to article page

Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

ISSN: 2045-709X