First author (year) | Location of treatment | Total sessions/session(s) per week/total duration | Wave properties | Needle electrode | Needle in TrP | Reference electrode | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shape | Freq. (Hz) | Intensity | Duration of treatment | Type | Pole | |||||
Byeon (2003) | Upper trapezius | 6/3/2 w | Biphasic pulse | 10 | 3 times of sensory threshold (contraction level) | 15Â m | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Sumen (2015) | Upper trapezius | 10/5/2 | Pulse | 80 | NR (Sensory level) | 20Â m | NR | Yes | NR | NR |
Medeiros (2016) | Dermatomes related to C2-C5 & Paraspinal muscles | 10/NR/NR | Pulse | 2 | NR | 20Â m | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Hadizadeh (2017) | Upper trapezius | 1/1/1 d | Biphasic burst | Basic freq.: 120 Burst freq.: 2 | NR (Contraction level) | 10Â m | Cathode | Yes | Patch electrode | Anode |
Botelho (2018) | C2-C4 Paraspinal muscle | 10/NR/NR | Biphasic pulse | 2 | NR | 20Â m | NR | No | NR | NR |
Brennan (2020) | Upper trapezius | 6/1/6 w | NR | 10 | NR | 10Â m | NR | Yes | NR | NR |