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Table 3 Details of included studies outcome measurements in assessment times (means with standard deviations)

From: The efficacy of intramuscular electrical stimulation in the management of patients with myofascial pain syndrome: a systematic review

First author (year)

Outcome measurements

Scale ranges

Treatment groups

Before

(Mean ± SD)

Three days

(Mean ± SD)

One week

(Mean ± SD)

Three weeks

(Mean ± SD)

After

(Mean ± SD)

Fallow up

One week

(Mean ± SD)

Four weeks

(Mean ± SD)

Twelve weeks

(Mean ± SD)

Byeon (2003)

VAS

0–10

Exp

6.2 ± 1.4

5.1 ± 0.9

3.9 ± 1.9

 

3.1 ± 1.5(2w)

   

Cont

6.2 ± 1.1

5.7 ± 1.5

5.6 ± 1.5

 

4.5 ± 1.4 (2w)

   

MPQ

0–78

Exp

28.1 ± 15.9

27.3 ± 15.1

24.19 ± 15

 

22.9 ± 15.5 (2w)

   

Cont

27.6 ± 8

25.3 ± 9

24.6 ± 9.7

 

20.8 ± 7.3 (2w)

   

ROM

NA

Exp

42.8 ± 3.9

43.6 ± 2.7

44.2 ± 3.3

 

44.3 ± 2.9 (2w)

   

Cont

42.9 ± 2.6

43.4 ± 2.8

43.9 ± 3.2

 

43.5 ± 3.1 (2w)

   

Sumen (2015)

VAS

0–10

Exp

6.80 ± 1.69

   

3.40 ± 1.50(2w) *

 

2.33 ± 1.63*

 

Cont

6.80 ± 1.32

   

5.00 ± 1.77(2w)

 

5.20 ± 1.14

 

PPT

NA

Exp

21.80 ± 7.25

   

29.73 ± 8.85(2w) *

 

35.93 ± 13.68*

 

Cont

25.30 ± 8.38

   

26.66 ± 8.37(2w)

 

25.26 ± 6.54

 

ROM

NA

Exp

32.46 ± 3.71

   

39.60 ± 5.12(2w)

 

40.20 ± 4.73

 

Cont

37.00 ± 6.78

   

41.13 ± 5.12(2w)

 

40.00 ± 5.42

 

NDI

0–100

Exp

39.33 ± 12.86

   

26.86 ± 13.33(2w)

 

21.33 ± 13.65

 

Cont

35.46 ± 9.24

   

28.40 ± 11.01(2w)

 

27.73 ± 10.59

 

Medeiros (2016)

VAS

0–10

Exp

6.21 ± 2.87

   

1.95 ± 1.85(10d) *

   

Cont

5.05 ± 2.36

   

2.38 ± 1.69(10d)

   

PB

BDNF

NA

Exp

19.75 ± 14.06

   

21.98 ± 11.88(10d)

   

Cont

35.05 ± 42.01

   

27.78 ± 29.36(10d)

   

S100β

NA

Exp

11.28 ± 4.55

   

11.87 ± 5.87(10d)

   

Cont

16.68 ± 10.31

   

18.25 ± 13.72(10d)

   

TNF-α

NA

Exp

28.18 ± 3.34

   

27.50 ± 16.32(10d)

   

Cont

28.28 ± 7.69

   

28.72 ± 5.89(10d)

   

IL10

NA

Exp

0.34 ± 1.27

   

1.17 ± 1.78(10d)

   

Cont

1.11 ± 2.63

   

1.38 ± 2.47(10d)

   

IL6

NA

Exp

0.48 ± 0.58

   

0.41 ± 0.44(10d)

   

Cont

0.50 ± 0.60

   

0.55 ± 0.59(10d)

   

LDH

NA

Exp

89.46 ± 30.38

   

88.90 ± 44.17(10d)

   

Cont

84.40 ± 46.14

   

105.22 ± 75.12(10d)

   

GPX

NA

Exp

0.58 ± 0.93

   

0.55 ± 1.05(10d)

   

Cont

0.40 ± 0.46

   

0.61 ± 1.53(10d)

   

SOD

NA

Exp

91.55 ± 148.13

   

85.45 ± 122.21(10d)

   

Cont

50.50 ± 56.75

   

61.10 ± 95.67(10d)

   

CAT

NA

Exp

716.30 ± 342.93

   

532.20 ± 580.85(10d)

   

Cont

667.80 ± 549.23

   

875.70 ± 569.13(10d)

   

CAR

NA

Exp

116.95 ± 34.85

   

124.30 ± 22.15(10d)

   

Cont

128.55 ± 34.40

   

121.05 ± 27.60(10d)

   

ROS

NA

Exp

1.02 ± 0.47

   

0.84 ± 0.82(10d)

   

Cont

0.83 ± 0.78

   

0.74 ± 0.86(10d)

   

CEP

IF

NA

Exp

1.15 ± 0.29

   

1.26 ± 0.16(10d)

   

Cont

1.07 ± 0.19

   

1.09 ± 0.26(10d)

   

SII

NA

Exp

0.28 ± 0.16

   

0.29 ± 0.09(10d)

   

Cont

0.34 ± 0.14

   

0.30 ± 0.17(10d)

   

CSP

NA

Exp

74.76 ± 16.82

   

70.46 ± 21.35(10d)

   

Cont

67.98 ± 20.94

   

68.69 ± 13.64(10d)

   

Hadizadeh (2017)

VAS

0–10

Exp

50.62 ± 10.19

   

28.62 ± 10.16(IA)

17 ± 13.59

  

Cont

45.25 ± 16.99

   

33.87 ± 17.54(IA)

35.25 ± 19.57

  

ROM

NA

Exp

28.53 ± 7.31

   

32.95 ± 8.05(IA)

34.74 ± 3.37*

  

Cont

30.62 ± 7.28

   

29.24 ± 5.76(IA)

28.72 ± 5.46

  

Botelho (2018)

VAS

0–10

Exp

5.53 ± 2.28

   

2.6 ± 2.4(12 W)*

   

Cont

5.46 ± 2.32

   

4.01 ± 2.58(12 W)

   

B-PCP:S

0–93

Exp

55.85 ± 14.63

   

38.11 ± 19.86(12 W) *

   

Cont

56.33 ± 16.23

   

49.89 ± 14.62(12 W)

   

CEP

MEP

NA

Exp

2.26 ± 0.52

   

1.84 ± 0.74(12 W)

   

Cont

1.75 ± 0.64

   

1.69 ± 0.45(12 W)

   

Brennan (2018)

NPRS

0–10

Exp

2.95 ± 1.52

  

2.62 ± 1.59

2.27 ± 1.80(6 W)

  

1.92 ± 1.63

Cont

2.59 ± 1.25

  

2.09 ± 1.07

1.71 ± 1.47(6 W)

  

1.67 ± 1.45

NDI

0–100

Exp

0.17 ± 0.10

  

0.14 ± 0.11

0.11 ± 0.09(6 W)

  

0.10 ± 0.11

Cont

0.14 ± 0.09

  

0.12 ± 0.09

0.09 ± 0.10(6 W)

  

0.09 ± 0.09

  1. SD standard deviation, VAS visual analogue scale, MPQ McGill pain questionnaire, ROM range of motion, NA not accessible, Exp. Experimental, Cont. control, W weeks, PPT pain pressure threshold, NDI neck disability index, PB peripheral biomarkers, BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, GPx glutathione peroxidase, SOD superoxide dismutase, CAT catalase activity, CAR protein carbonyls, ROS reactive oxygen species, CEP cortical excitability parameters, IF intracortical facilitation, SII short intracortical inhibition, CSP cortical silent period, d days, IA immediately after, B-PCP:S Brazilian profile of chronic pain: screen, MEP motor evoked-potential, NPRS numeric pain rating scale
  2. *Statistically significant difference between two groups (P< 0.05)
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Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

ISSN: 2045-709X