Table 1 Examples of environments in which the primary spine practitioner model is in place. This is not necessarily a complete list
From: The primary spine practitioner as a new role in healthcare systems in North America
Location | Program | Year Started | Environment | Direct access or referral? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA [21] | Spine Care & Neurosurgery Center | 2009 | Hospital-based | Both |
New York State [23] | Excellus Spine Health Program | 2014 | Payer system community | Both |
Botswana, India, Ghana, Dominican Republic [52] | World Spine Care | 2008 | Free standing clinics | Direct access |
Eastern Massachusetts, USA | Atrius Health Integrated Spine Program | 2015 | Multi-specialty healthcare system | Both |
Primary Spine Care | 2017 | Primary care clinic | Both | |
Ontario, Canada [22] | Rapid Access Clinics | 2012 | Community | Referral |
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA | University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Program for Spine Health | 2018 | Community | Referral |
Chicago, USA | Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush | 2018 | Hospital-based | Both |
Fargo, ND USA | Sanford Health Spine Center | 2018 | Community | Both |