Variable | Dataset 1 (Development) | Dataset 2 (External validation) | Dataset 3 (External validation) | Dataset 4 (External validation) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Description of recruitment sites and sample characteristics | Primary care “Chiropractic”, not on sick leave | Primary care, not on sick leave with a high risk of chronicity | Secondary care, recurrent sick leave | Secondary care, ongoing sick leave |
n | 249 | 128 | 251 | 184 |
Female, n (%) | 154 (61.8) | 14 (10.9) | 140 (55.8) | 101 (54.9) |
Age, Mean (SD) | 43.4 (11.9) | 41.5 (9.6) | 42.3 (9.3) | 43.6 (10.3) |
Pain Severitya, Mean (SD) | 3.3 (1.1) | 2.8 (1.3) | 3.5 (1.1) | 3.7 (1.1) |
Interferencea, Mean (SD) | 2.8 (1.3) | 2.5 (1.3) | 3.8 (1.1) | 3.8 (1.0) |
Life Controla, Mean (SD) | 3.5 (1.1) | 3.8 (1.1) | 3.2 (1.1) | 3.1 (1.2) |
Affective Distressa, Mean (SD) | 2.7 (1.3) | 2.3 (1.4) | 2.6 (1.6) | 2.8 (1.5) |
Supporta, Mean (SD) | 4.1 (1.6) | 4.2 (1.6) | 4.6 (1.5) | 4.8 (1.6) |
Punishing Responsesa, Mean (SD) | 1.1 (1.3) | 1.3 (1.3) | 1.1 (1.2) | 1.0 (1.2) |
Solicitous Responsesa, Mean (SD) | 2.7 (1.4) | 2.9 (1.4) | 3.2 (1.4) | 3.1 (1.4) |
Distracting responsesa, Mean (SD) | 2.8 (1.4) | 3.0 (1.6) | 3.1 (1.6) | 3.2 (1.6) |
MPI-Subgroup, % (AC/ID/DYS) | 36.5/24.9/38.6 | 48.4/25.8/25.8 | 24.9/24.5/50.6 | 21.2/25.5/53.3 |
MAINTAIN Score, − 12 to 48, Mean (SD) | 20.0 (8.4) | 16.5 (9.7) | 23.0 (8.9) | 23.5 (8.1) |