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Table 7 Response on safety and effectiveness of SM by spinal region, additional screening prior to SM by spinal region, utilization of SM, and comfort performing SM by spinal region for each educational programs influencing the clinical practice

From: Knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of spinal manipulation: a cross-sectional survey of Italian physiotherapists

Question

Spinal region

MSK

CPD

PT

TRAD

OSTEO

NONE

SM is safe and effective for patients with XXX spine complaints

Upper cervical (C0-3)

2.11 ± 0.85

2.25 ± 1.01

2.78 ± 1.06

3.14 ± 1.07

2.47 ± 1.06

2.88 ± 1.16

Cervical (C3-7)

1.94 ± 0.78

2.06 ± 0.97

2.47 ± 1.01

2.79 ± 1.13

2.4 ± 1.11

2.47 ± 1.05

Thoracic

1.77 ± 0.77

1.92 ± 0.98

2.18 ± 0.91

2.41 ± 1.09

2.27 ± 1.04

2.44 ± 1.18

Lumbar

1.88 ± 0.81

2.06 ± 0.93

2.24 ± 0.81

2.69 ± 1.07

2.16 ± 0.94

2.26 ± 1.09

Prior to a SM to the XXX spine, I usually perform an additional screening

Upper cervical (C0-3)

2.27 ± 1.24

2.13 ± 1.22

2.14 ± 1.08

1.92 ± 1.26

1.64 ± 1.08

1.88 ± 1.14

Cervical (C3-7)

2.37 ± 1.22

2.31 ± 1.24

2.16 ± 1.05

2.05 ± 1.25

1.95 ± 1.17

1.88 ± 1.20

Thoracic

2.61 ± 1.16

2.64 ± 1.16

2.35 ± 1.11

2.33 ± 1.22

2.38 ± 1.24

2.19 ± 1.31

Lumbar

2.56 ± 1.17

2.51 ± 1.15

2.29 ± 1.08

2.26 ± 1.22

2.19 ± 1.16

1.86 ± 1.15

I regularly perform SM to the XXX spine when patients require it

Upper cervical (C0-3)

2.97 ± 1.03

2.97 ± 1.11

3.29 ± 0.94

3.70 ± 1.03

2.84 ± 1.18

3.49 ± 1.20

Cervical (C3-7)

2.68 ± 1.05

2.79 ± 1.10

3.10 ± 1.01

3.38 ± 1.12

2.79 ± 1.13

3.58 ± 1.07

Thoracic

2.27 ± 1.00

2.47 ± 1.09

2.84 ± 1.03

3.10 ± 1.19

2.49 ± 1.12

3.14 ± 1.19

Lumbar

2.45 ± 1.02

2.58 ± 1.14

3.00 ± 1.02

3.21 ± 1.11

2.63 ± 1.10

3.07 ± 1.30

I am comfortable performing SM to the XXX spine when patients require it

Upper cervical (C0-3)

2.43 ± 1.15

2.45 ± 1.11

3.18 ± 1.11

3.42 ± 1.24

2.41 ± 1.20

3.33 ± 1.19

Cervical (C3-7)

2.12 ± 1.06

2.23 ± 1.01

2.94 ± 1.12

3.25 ± 1.24

2.29 ± 1.20

3.16 ± 1.17

Thoracic

1.81 ± 0.79

1.81 ± 0.81

2.39 ± 1.00

2.63 ± 1.23

1.92 ± 0.88

2.84 ± 1.23

Lumbar

1.82 ± 0.83

1.92 ± 0.82

2.39 ± 1.00

2.70 ± 1.17

1.97 ± 1.04

2.65 ± 1.23

  1. SM = high-velocity low-amplitude spinal thrust manipulation; MSK = musculoskeletal specialization; PT = physiotherapy undergraduate program; CPD = continuing professional development courses on SM; OSTEO = Osteopathy post-graduate program; TRAD = traditional manual therapy post-graduate programs (i.e., Maitland); NONE = never been trained. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Lower scores correspond to a greater degree of agreement, while higher scores correspond to a lesser degree of agreement