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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of sample (n = 137)

From: Attitudes, skills and implementation of evidence-based practice: a national cross-sectional survey of licensed naprapaths in Sweden

Characteristic

Frequency (%)

Age

20–29 years

12 (8.8)

30–39 years

50 (36.5)

40–49 years

36 (26.3)

50–59 years

32 (23.4)

60–69 years

6 (4.4)

70 + years

0 (0)

Missing

1 (0.7)

Gender

Woman

61 (44.5)

Man

72 (52.6)

Other

1 (0.7)

Do not wish to state

2 (1.5)

Missing

1 (0.7)

Highest qualification

High school certificate

4 (2.9)

Vocational Degree/Diploma

10 (7.3)

University or College Certificate/Diploma

89 (65.0)

Bachelor degree

4 (2.9)

Master’s degree (1 year)

5 (3.6)

Master’s degree (2 years)

5 (3.6)

PhD/Doctorate

2 (1.5)

Other

17 (12.4)

Missing

1 (0.7)

Years since receiving highest qualification

 < 1 year

2 (1.5)

1–5 years

27 (19.7)

6–10 years

27 (19.7)

11–15 years

26 (19.0)

16 + years

54 (39.4)

Missing

1 (0.7)

Years practiced in the field of naprapathy

 < 1 year

1 (0.7)

1–5 years

23 (16.8)

6–10 years

27 (19.7)

11–15 years

25(18.2)

16 + years

59 (43.1)

Missing

2 (1.5)

Hours per week in clinical (naprapathic) practice

0 h

3 (2.2)

1–15 h

13 (9.5)

16–30 h

31 (22.6)

31–45 h

80 (58.4)

46 + hours

9 (6.6)

Missing

1 (0.7)

Hours per week participating in research

0 h

112 (81.8)

1–15 h

22 (16.1)

16–30 h

2 (1.5)

31–45 h

0 (0.0)

46 + hours

0 (0.0)

Missing

1 (0.7)

Hours per week teaching higher education

0 h

118 (86.1)

1–15 h

15 (10.9)

16–30 h

2 (1.5)

31–45 h

1 (0.7)

46 + hours

0 (0.0)

Missing

1 (0.7)

Treatments/management typically provided in initial naprapathic consultation*

Joint manipulation (e.g. HVLA)

125 (91.2)

Exercise and physical activity advice or instruction

117 (85.4)

Home exercise and ADL advice or instruction

116 (84.7)

Trigger point therapy

116 (84.7)

Massage/soft-tissue mobilization

112 (81.8)

Joint mobilisation

108 (78.8)

Stretching

97 (70.8)

Physical exercise/rehabilitation training

95 (69.3)

Ergonomic advice or instruction

85 (62.0)

Health/lifestyle advice or instruction

75 (54.7)

Acupuncture/acupressure/dry needling

69 (50.4)

Traction

61 (44.5)

Referral to other healthcare provider

60 (43.8)

Non-prescription pharmaceutical advice or instruction

46 (33.6)

Taping

44 (32.1)

TENS

38 (27.7)

Referral to other health service

36 (26.3)

Dietary advice or instruction

31 (22.6)

Laser therapy

28 (20.4)

Shockwave therapy

24 (17.5)

Heat/cold treatment

16 (11.7)

Nutritional supplementation advice

16 (11.7)

Ultrasound

11 (8.0)

Other

8 (5.8)

Clinical setting in which naprapathy is predominantly practiced

With a group of naprapaths

52 (38.0)

Solo practice

31 (22.6)

With CAM & conventional providers

21 (15.3)

With a group of conventional providers

17 (12.4)

Other

8 (5.8)

Within an educational institution (e.g. university)

4 (2.9)

With a group of CAM providers

3 (2.2)

Missing

1 (0.7)

County of Sweden

Stockholm

64 (46.7)

Västra Götaland

15 (10.9)

Skåne

14 (10.2)

Västernorrland

8 (5.8)

Halland

5 (3.6)

Uppsala

5 (3.6)

Other (< 5 respondends per county: Blekinge, Östergötland, Norrbotten, Gävleborg, Jämtland, Södermanland, Örebro, Dalarna, Värmland, Västerbotten, Västmanland)

23 (16.8)

Missing

3 (2.2)

Geographical region

City (Central business district)

104 (75.9)

Suburbs

31 (22.6)

Rural/remote region

0 (0.0)

Missing

2 (1.5)

  1. ADL activities of daily living; CAM complementary and alternative medicine; HVLA high-velocity low amplitude; TENS transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
  2. *Multiple response question