Table 1 Markers of chronic inflammation

Metabolic syndrome

1. Fasting blood glucose

≥ 100 mg/dL

2. Triglycerides

≥ 150 mg/dL

3. HDL cholesterol

< 50 for women; < 40 men

4. Blood pressure

≥ 130/85

5. Waist circumference

> 35” women; > 40” men

Pro-inflammatory markers

2-hour postprandial glucose

<140 mg/dl = normal

140–199 = prediabetes

200+ = diabetes

Fasting triglycerides

<90 mg/dl predicts controlled postprandial response

hsCRP in mg/L (marker of chronic inflammation)

<1.0 = normal

1.0-3.0 = moderate

>3.0 = high

25(OH)D (vitamin D)

32-100 ng/ml (goal >40 ng)

Body mass index (BMI)

18.5-24.9 = normal

25–29.9 = overweight

≥30 = obese

Waist/hip ratio women (risk factor for diabetes)

<0.80 = low risk

0.81-.85 = moderate risk

>0.85 = high risk

Waist/hip ratio men (risk factor for diabetes)

<0.95 = low risk

0.96-1.0 = moderate risk

>1.0 = high risk

Lack of sleep

Less than 6 hrs

Stress

Associated with systemic inflammation

Sedentary living

Associated with systemic inflammation

Depression

Associated with systemic inflammation

Self-rated health

Associated with systemic inflammation