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Table 3 Risk of Bias for Accepted Randomized Controlled Trials based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) Criteria [43]

From: Multimodal care for the management of musculoskeletal disorders of the elbow, forearm, wrist and hand: a systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration

Author, Year

Research Question

Randomization

Concealment

Blinding

Similarity at baseline

Similarities between arms

Outcome measurement

Percent drop-out

Intention to treat

Multiple sites

Bisset et al., 2006, 2009 [62, 63]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

6 Weeks:

Multimodal Care: 5 %

Corticosteroid Injection: 0 %

Reassurance and advice: 10 %

52 Weeks:

Multimodal Care: 5 %

Corticosteroid Injection: 0 %

Reassurance and advice: 7 %

Y

CS

Haahr et al., 2003 [64]

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

Y

3 Months:

Multimodal GP/Ergonomist: 16 %

GP: 14 %

6 Months:

Multimodal GP/Ergonomist: 19 %

GP: 16 %

12 Months:

Multimodal GP/Ergonomist: 22 %

GP: 18 %

Y

CS

Jarvik et al., 2009 [61]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

12 Months:

Multimodal Care: 11.9 %

Surgery: 14.0 %

Y

Y

Nagrale et al., 2009 [65]

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

No drop outs

NA

CS

Smidt et al., 2002 [66]

Y

Y

Y

CS

N

N

Y

Multimodal PT: no drop outs

Reassurance and advice: no drop outs

Corticosteroid injection:

12 weeks: 1.6 %

26 weeks: 1.6 %

Y

CS

Struijs et al., 2004 [67]

Y

Y

CS

Y

Y

Y

Y

6 Weeks:

Multimodal PT: 3.6 %

Brace: 1.5 %

Multimodal PT + Brace: 1.8 %

26 Weeks:

Multimodal PT: 3.6 %

Brace: 5.9 %

Multimodal PT + Brace: 3.6 %

52 Weeks:

Multimodal PT: 5.4 %

Brace: 5.4 %

Multimodal PT + Brace: 3.6 %

Y

NA

  1. Acronyms: CS cannot say, GP general practitioner, N no, NA not applicable, PT physical therapy, Y yes
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Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

ISSN: 2045-709X